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Kris Poppe Endocrine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital UZ Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium

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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

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Peter Laurberg Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, V. Fazzi Hospital, Lecce

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Francesco Vermiglio Cattedra di Endocrinologia, Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy

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Bijay Vaidya Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK

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least once in a pregnant woman who is being treated with ATDs for GD; however, the responders’ recommended timings for the test were variable. In a euthyroid pregnant woman previously treated with 131 I or total thyroidectomy for GD, 20% of the

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María de los Ángeles Garayalde Gamboa Service of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Buenos Aires British Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Melina Saban Service of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Buenos Aires British Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Marina Ines Curriá Service of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Buenos Aires British Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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, because the formulation is 200 μg/vial), remaining clinically and biochemically euthyroid until today. Discussion As mentioned before, the usual treatment of hypothyroidism is through oral LT4. Thus, the success of this treatment depends strongly

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Tetsuya Mizokami Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto

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Shuji Fukata Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto
Department of Medicine, Kuma Hospital, Kobe

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Akira Hishinuma Department of Infection Control and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan

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Takahiko Kogai Department of Infection Control and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan

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Katsuhiko Hamada Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto

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Tetsushi Maruta Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto

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Kiichiro Higashi Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto

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Junichi Tajiri Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto

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, and one due to postsurgical treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism). One patient had euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis and one had no thyroidal abnormalities. Eight patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism were treated with potassium iodide (5 at 50 mg per

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Lucia Russo Department of Medicine, DIMED, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
Department of Endocrinology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Thi Ngoc Huyen Nguyen Department of Endocrinology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Aglaia Kyrilli Department of Endocrinology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Martin Robin Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Pierre Bel Lassen Department of Urology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes UMRS 1166 (Inserm), Paris, France

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Bernard Corvilain Department of Endocrinology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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following the correction of eSCH due to multinodular goiter by another therapeutic modality, radioactive iodine ( 131 I). In the absence of a euthyroid control group treated by 131 I, we compared patients with grade 1 eSCH and grade 2 eSCH to investigate

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Claire L Wood Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Niamh Morrison Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK

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Michael Cole Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Malcolm Donaldson Department of Child Health, University of Glasgow School of Medicine, Glasgow, UK

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David B Dunger Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Ruth Wood Newcastle Clinical Trials Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Simon H S Pearce Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK

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Timothy D Cheetham Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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on behalf of the British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (BSPED)

) with the aim of normalising thyroid hormone levels and then maintaining the patient in a euthyroid state. The ATD chosen in the UK is usually carbimazole (CBZ) because of the significant risk of liver dysfunction with propylthiouracil. ATD can be

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Giorgio Radetti Marienklinik, Bolzano, Italy

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Franco Rigon Department of Paediatrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Alessandro Salvatoni Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Irene Campi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Tiziana De Filippis Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Valentina Cirello Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Silvia Longhi Department of Paediatrics, Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy

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Fabiana Guizzardi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Marco Bonomi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Luca Persani Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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CH patients maintain euthyroidism with higher LT4 doses compared to adulthood-acquired hypothyroidism ( 3 ). The reasons for this condition are unknown, but a genetic origin appears unlikely, as it has been observed either in patients with ectopic or

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Christiaan F Mooij Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Timothy D Cheetham Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK

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Frederik A Verburg Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Anja Eckstein Department of Ophthalmology, University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany

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Simon H Pearce Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK

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Juliane Léger Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Growth and Development Diseases, Endo-ERN HCP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré University Hospital, University of Paris, NeuroDiderot Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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stopped once the patient is biochemically euthyroid (1,ØØØO). • Patients with untreated GD can be severely unwell with marked signs of thyroid hormone excess. Such patients should be managed on a high dependency or intensive care unit (1,ØØØO

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Carolina Castro Porto Silva Janovsky Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Medicine, Thyroid Outpatient Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Fernando H. Cesena Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Viviane Arevalo Tabone Valente Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Raquel Dilguerian de Oliveira Conceição Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Raul D. Santos Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Márcio Sommer Bittencourt Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
School of Medicine, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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]. However, in both studies, there was no analysis within the normal reference range. In 2014, a Chinese group analyzed the prevalence of NAFLD in euthyroid subjects and found a positive association between TSH levels, even within the reference range, and

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Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, “V. Fazzi” Hospital, Lecce, Italy

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Roberto Attanasio Endocrinology Service, Galeazzi Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Enrico Papini Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy

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Rinaldo Guglielmi Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy

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Franco Grimaldi Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “S. Maria della Misericordia”, Udine, Italy

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Vincenzo Toscano Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy

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Dan Alexandru  Niculescu Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine of Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

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Diana Loreta  Paun Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine of Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

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Catalina Poiana Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine of Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

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antibody status is considered more important than monitoring TSH, although these 2 options are not mutually exclusive in clinical practice. For a first-trimester euthyroid patient (TSH 2.5 mIU/L) suffering from TAI, the vast majority would simply monitor

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Lars Folkestad Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Frans Brandt Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Sønderborg, Denmark

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Thomas Brix Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Marianne Vogsen Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Lars Bastholt Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Peter Grupe Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Jeanette  Krogh Petersen Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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levels remaining within normal limits. However, after the fourth RAI dose (fall of 2015) the patient became hypothyroid and began treatment with T 4 . The patient remained hyper- or euthyroid for more than 1.5 years after total thyroidectomy. Currently

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