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Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatric Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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weeks, one node was removed (surgical approach chosen over fine-needle aspiration cytology on surgeon’s preference) for pathological examination, which demonstrated a reactive lymph node without signs of malignancy. Despite this reassuring result, later
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Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Viagrande, Italy
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Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Viagrande, Italy
Department of Surgery, McGill University, St. Mary Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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difficulty in distinguishing benign from malignant tumors. Investigations such as fine needle aspiration cytology and MRI scans provide some useful information, but most cases will require surgical excision as a means of coming to a definitive diagnosis
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submitted to fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules and to thyroid surgery [ 51 ]. We showed that the prevalence of TAb was similar in patients with benign nodules as compared to patients with malignant nodules at cytology (38.7 vs. 35.6%, respectively
Servizio di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
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University of Latvia, Faculty of Medicine, Riga, Latvia
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Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
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risks; (3) assess TNs according to risk classes; and (4) select TNs for fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) ( 7 ). The advent of TIRADSs has resulted in a substantial increase in published papers, thereby strengthening the evidence in the field. In
Departments of Medicine, Khartoum, Sudan
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, teratoma, thyroid disease, and lymphoma [ 8 , 11 ]. Retrosternal goiter with pressure symptoms needs surgical treatment [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Assessment of the mediastinal mass will need both CT-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology. However, in our case the
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on March 11, 2011) [ 3 , 4 ]. The participation rate was 81.7% (300,476 of 367,672 children), and 116 patients (39 males and 77 females) were identified as having malignant or suspected malignant thyroid nodules (by ultrasound examination and fine-needle
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may be monitored versus those that should undergo fine-needle aspiration, (2) refine stratification of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology (incorporating the option for oncogene analysis in select cases based on accumulating knowledge of
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aspiration biopsy or surgery; and (4) lesions were detected by US and accompanied by elevated serum Tg during follow-up, and were finally confirmed by fine needle aspiration biopsy or surgery. Disease-free survival (DFS) was defined as the time from the date
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patients with cytologically benign nodules subjected to RF at six Italian Institutions (benignity was confirmed by two repeated fine-needle aspirations, Class II of Bethesda reporting system). Data from 337 patients were obtained from a prospective study
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). Fig. 1. Flowchart of patient enrollment. RFA, radiofrequency ablation. Pretreatment Evaluation Before the procedure, the ultrasonography (US) findings, fine-needle aspiration findings, contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) findings, and