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Jan Calissendorff Department of Clinical Science and Education, Section of Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Sweden

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Emil Mikulski Department of Medicine, Mälarsjukhuset, Eskilstuna, Sweden
Centre for Clinical Research in Sörmland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Erik H. Larsen National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark

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Marika Möller Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Centre for Clinical Research in Sörmland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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all investigators [ 13 ]. As auto-antibodies did not change in these patients with autoimmune hyperthyroidism, Se does not appear to affect immunoglobulins in GD. Increased SePP concentration, in its capacity as a Se transporter protein, could

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000381768
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 2
Free access
Camilla Bøgelund Larsen Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Eva Rabing Brix Petersen Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark

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Martin Overgaard Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Steen Joop Bonnema Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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the increased TSH had prompted a trial of levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy on the suspicion of thyroid failure. Up to 150 µg LT4 per day was given. Hereby, plasma TSH decreased to near-normal levels within a few weeks, but hyperthyroid symptoms

Article Type:
Case Report
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000509184
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 1
Free access
Gerd Krause Structural Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany

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Anja Eckstein Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Ralf Schülein Protein Trafficking, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany

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]. Pathological activation of the TSHR by TSHR-stimulating autoimmune antibodies (TSAb) leads to the uncontrolled production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 in the thyroid causing hyperthyroidism in Graves’ disease (GD) [ 5 ]. The TSAb binds to the TSHR at a similar

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000511871
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 1_Suppl
Free access
Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, ‘V. Fazzi' Hospital, Lecce

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Roberto Attanasio Endocrinology Service, Galeazzi Institute IRCCS, Milan

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Franco Grimaldi Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ‘S. Maria della Misericordia', Udine

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Claudio Marcocci Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa

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Rinaldo Guglielmi Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy

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Enrico Papini Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy

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/day in 21% of cases, 100-200 µg/day in 60.2%, and >200 µg/day in 18.8% (p < 0.01). About half of the respondents would recommend Se supplementation for a patient in remission from hyperthyroidism for 18 months and with a clinical activity score of 2

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000447667
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 3
Free access
Federica D’Aurizio Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy

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Alessia Biasotto Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy

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Claudia Cipri Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy

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Franco Grimaldi Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy

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Jessica Zucco Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy

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Stefania Marzinotto Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy

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Francesco Curcio Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy

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Salvatore Benvenga Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

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examination. Such symptoms, suggestive of hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis, prompted a further evaluation of TFT. Although TSH continued to be normal, high levels of free thyroid hormones (FT4 = 39.7 pmol/L; FT3 = 15.2 pmol/L) were interpreted as evidence of

Article Type:
Case Report
Collections:
Thyroid function tests
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0088
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 3
Open access
Sofie Larsen Rasmussen Department of Medical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen

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Lars Rejnmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Eva Ebbehøj Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen Department of Medical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen

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Åse Krogh Rasmussen Department of Medical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen

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Jakob Bue Bjorner QualityMetric (an Optum Company), Lincoln, R.I., USA

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Torquil Watt Department of Medical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen

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and the electronic version of the ThyPRO questionnaire [ 1 ]. Methods Study Population We included patients with a diagnosis of Graves' hyperthyroidism or autoimmune hypothyroidism who were in a clinically stable phase of their disease and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000443609
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 1
Free access
Joanna Bogusławska Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Marlena Godlewska Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Ewa Gajda Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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hypothyroidism. In contrast, GD is mainly associated with hyperthyroidism, resulting from the presence of thyroid-stimulating antibodies which activate thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) on thyrocytes, leading to thyroid hyperplasia. Only a minor number of GD patients

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Thyroid autoimmunity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0024
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 1
Open access
Johannes W. Dietrich Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical Hospital I, Germany

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Patrick Müller Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Hospital II, Germany
Heart Center Bad Neustadt, Clinic for Interventional Electrophysiology, Bad Neustadt an der Saale, Germany

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Fabian Schiedat Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Hospital II, Germany

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Markus Schlömicher Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany

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Justus Strauch Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany

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Apostolos Chatzitomaris Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical Hospital I, Germany

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Harald H. Klein Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical Hospital I, Germany

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Andreas Mügge Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Hospital II, Germany

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Josef Köhrle Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Eddy Rijntjes Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Ina Lehmphul Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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and atrial fibrillation (AF) are classical consequences of thyrotoxicosis included in two scoring systems for estimating the probability of thyroid storm [ 16 ]. Even subclinical hyperthyroidism is associated with increased risk for AF [ 17 ] and a

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000381543
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 2
Free access
Susanne Neumann Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Christine C. Krieger Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Marvin C. Gershengorn Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Graves’ hyperthyroidism (GH) [ 9 ] and does not bind to IGF-1R [ 10 ], was inhibited by the IGF-1R antagonist linsitinib [ 6 ]; (3) stimulation by M22 and immunoglobulins purified from the sera of Graves’ disease (GD) patients with eye disease (GO

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000511538
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 1_Suppl
Free access
Heleen I Jansen Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Antonius E van Herwaarden Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Henk J Huijgen Department of Clinical Chemistry, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands

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Rebecca C Painter Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Jacquelien J Hillebrand Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annemieke C Heijboer Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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pregnancy, since the fetus does not produce thyroid hormone itself until 16–20 weeks ( 7 ). Untreated maternal hyperthyroidism can not only have fetal consequences such as intra-uterine growth restriction but also life-threatening maternal consequences as

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid and reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-22-0145
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 6
Open access