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Irene Campi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy

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Maura Agostini Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Federica Marelli Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy

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Tiziana de Filippis Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy

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Beatriz Romartinez-Alonso Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

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Odelia Rajanayagam Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Giuditta Rurale Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy

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Ilaria Gentile Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Federica Spagnolo Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy

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Massimiliano Andreasi Laboratorio Analisi Cliniche, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Cusano Milanino, Italy

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Francesco Ferraù Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy
Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

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Salvatore Cannavò Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy
Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

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Laura Fugazzola Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Krishna V. Chatterjee Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Luca Persani Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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TBG deficiency. In addition, serum TBG levels were in the normal range (23 mg/L normal reference 13–39). Additional Tests in Other Affected Family Members Taken together, all these data were still highly suggestive for a mild form of RTHβ

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Hsu-Hua Tseng Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yen-Bo Lin Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan

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Kuan-Yu Lin Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliu City, Taiwan

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Chia-Hung Lin Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan

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Hung-Yuan Li Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Chia-Hsuin Chang Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yi-Ching Tung Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Pei-Lung Chen Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Chih-Yuan Wang Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

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Wei-Shiung Yang Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

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Shyang-Rong Shih Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Center of Anti-Aging and Health Consultation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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hyperthyroidism group. The diagnosis of AIT was made in patients with at least one positive thyroid autoantibody, including anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO Ab, reference range: <5.61 IU/mL, Abbott Architect i2000SR using reagents provided by Abbott

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Kassia B. Reuters Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Maria C.O.C. Mamone Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Elsa S. Ikejiri Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Cleber P. Camacho Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Claudia C.D. Nakabashi Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Carolina C.P.S. Janovsky Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Ji H. Yang Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Danielle M. Andreoni Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rosalia Padovani Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rui M.B. Maciel Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil

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Felipe A.B. Vanderlei Head and Neck Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rosa P.M. Biscolla Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil

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reported in the literature could be applied to the Brazilian population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Bethesda classification in a Brazilian reference center and correlate cytological and histopathological results in patients

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Emna Jelloul Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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Georgiana Sitoris Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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Flora Veltri Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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Pierre Kleynen Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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Serge Rozenberg Departement of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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Kris G Poppe Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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institutional trimester-specific limits for serum TSH and FT4 ( 10 ). Our reference range for serum TSH (2.5–97.5th percentile) during the period 11 (9–14) weeks was 0.06–3.74 mIU/L, and 10.29–18.02 pmol/L for serum FT4 ( 10 ). Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) was

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Kris Poppe Endocrine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital UZ Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium

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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

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Peter Laurberg Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, V. Fazzi Hospital, Lecce

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Francesco Vermiglio Cattedra di Endocrinologia, Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy

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Bijay Vaidya Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK

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high human chorionic gonadotrophin secretion in the first half of pregnancy is associated with a downward shift of the serum TSH and therefore a need to use trimester-specific reference ranges for serum TSH [ 4 ]. Retrospective studies have shown that

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Frederick Keen Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Ynysmaerdy, Llantrisant, UK

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Anuja Chalishazar Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Ynysmaerdy, Llantrisant, UK

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Kelly Mitchem Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Ynysmaerdy, Llantrisant, UK

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Alan Dodd Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Ynysmaerdy, Llantrisant, UK

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Atul Kalhan Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Ynysmaerdy, Llantrisant, UK

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criteria. Age >16 years A low free T4 <11.0 pmol/L (reference range: 11–25) A low-normal or low TSH Referred to endocrinology for investigation Results A total of 151 TFTs results were identified using the pre

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Andrea Leoncini Clinic for Radiology, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland

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Chiara Camponovo Thyroid Unit, Clinic for Endocrinology and Diabetology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland

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Gaetano Paone Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

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Elena Gamarra Thyroid Unit, Clinic for Endocrinology and Diabetology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland

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Giorgio Treglia Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Pierpaolo Trimboli Thyroid Unit, Clinic for Endocrinology and Diabetology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

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median age of the patients was 63 years, and the median size of the AFTN was 21 mm. Of these patients, 28 (58.3%) had TSH lower than the lower reference limit (LRL) (ranging from 0.005 to 0.39 mIU/L), with 15/28 (53.6%) having suppressed TSH levels, while

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Renata Alencar Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional do Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Daniel Barretto Kendler Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Fernanda Andrade Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional do Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Carla Nava Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional do Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Daniel Bulzico Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional do Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Cencita Cordeiro de Noronha Pessoa Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional do Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Rossana Corbo Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional do Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Fernanda Vaisman Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional do Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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performed using a radioimmunoassay from 1998 to 2003 with the normal range between 23 and 71 pg/mL. After 2004, the measurement was done by chemiluminescence, with a reference value < 11.5 pg/mL and functional sensitivity < 2 pg/mL. CEA serum levels were

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Inge Bülow Pedersen Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Peter Laurberg Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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function tests were available and pointed in the direction of neonatal hyperthyroidism with a suppressed serum TSH and triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels just below the upper limit of the age-specific reference range [ 6 ] (table 1 ). However

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Érique José F. Peixoto de Miranda Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Márcio Sommer Bittencourt Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Itamar S. Santos Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Paulo A. Lotufo Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Isabela M. Benseñor Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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overnight fast. fT 4 levels were only evaluated in participants who presented altered TSH levels. In this study, reference range levels were 0.4-4.0 μIU/ml for TSH and 10.3-24.45 pmol/l for fT 4 , i.e. similar to those used in the National Health and

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