Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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preoperatively distinguish between FA and FTC. Distinguishing between an FTC (malignant tumor with capsular and/or vascular invasion) and a benign FA (no invasion) requires pathological examination of the tumor capsule after tumor excision. The risk of malignancy
Division of Interventional Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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follow-up in about 1.4% of patients and most of them occurred within 8 years [ 3 ]. However, the risk of recurrence or persistent structural disease rapidly increases in patients with advanced stage at diagnosis. Disease persistence or relapse are
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more aggressive phenotypes of PTC with more prevalent extrathyroidal extension (ETE) and LN metastasis [ 9 , 10 ]. Tumors with BRAFV600E mutation also show a higher risk of disease persistence and recurrence [ 9 , 11 , 12 ]. As a prognostic factor
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Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
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types of cancer, well-differentiated thyroid cancer is the only malignancy to include age as a part of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, indicating that age at diagnosis has been identified as a major determinant of thyroid cancer
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radioactive iodine treatment for pediatric and young adulthood differentiated thyroid cancer and risk of second primary malignancies . Journal of Clinical Oncology 2022 40 1439 – 1449 . ( https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.21.01841 )
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Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
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Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Introduction Thyroid cancer, which is the most common endocrine malignancy, has been increasing globally ( 1 , 2 ). From 1990 to 2017, the annual age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of thyroid cancer worldwide increased from 2.11 to 3
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is observed in AIDS-associated cancers, but an increase is seen in other cancer types such as lung cancer and cervix carcinoma [ 66 , 67 ]. Overall, there is no evidence for an increased risk of thyroid malignancy after IRT. Due to the high
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, although this technology reliably permits prediction of recurrent laryngeal nerve function after the operation [ 48 ], and helps avoid bilateral vocal cord palsy by postponing completion of the other side in benign goiter and low-risk differentiated thyroid
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Introduction Well-differentiated thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common thyroid malignancy, comprising over 90% of all TC [ 1 ]. Furthermore, data from various countries including Canada [ 2 ], the USA [ 3 - 5 ], and European countries [ 6 - 8
Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, UK
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within the normal range are associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer [reviewed in [ 40 ], [ 41 ]]. This was first proposed in a cohort of 1,500 subjects by Boelaert et al. [ 42 ] when studying the frequency of malignancy in patients with