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Haruhiko Yamazaki Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Kiminori Sugino Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Ryohei Katoh Department of Pathology, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Kenichi Matsuzu Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Wataru Kitagawa Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Mitsuji Nagahama Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Aya Saito Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan

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Koichi Ito Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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preoperatively distinguish between FA and FTC. Distinguishing between an FTC (malignant tumor with capsular and/or vascular invasion) and a benign FA (no invasion) requires pathological examination of the tumor capsule after tumor excision. The risk of malignancy

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Giovanni Mauri Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Division of Interventional Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Steven Bandula Interventional Oncology Service, University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

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Roberto Luigi Cazzato Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

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Agnieszka Czarniecka The Oncologic and Reconstructive Surgery Clinic, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland

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Oliver Dudeck Center for Microtherapy, Klinik Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland

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Laura Fugazzola Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Romana Netea-Maier Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Gilles Russ Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors Unit, La Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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Göran Wallin Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden

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Enrico Papini Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Ospedale Regina Apostolorum, Albano, Italy

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follow-up in about 1.4% of patients and most of them occurred within 8 years [ 3 ]. However, the risk of recurrence or persistent structural disease rapidly increases in patients with advanced stage at diagnosis. Disease persistence or relapse are

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Helmi Khadra Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Ahmed Deniwar Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Khuzema Mohsin Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Dominique Monlezun Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Emad Kandil Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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more aggressive phenotypes of PTC with more prevalent extrathyroidal extension (ETE) and LN metastasis [ 9 , 10 ]. Tumors with BRAFV600E mutation also show a higher risk of disease persistence and recurrence [ 9 , 11 , 12 ]. As a prognostic factor

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Yuwei Liu Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Shengcai Wang Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Yanzhen Li Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Xuexi Zhang Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Zhiyong Liu Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Qiaoyin Liu Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Nian Sun Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Jie Zhang Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Wentong Ge Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Yongli Guo Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Yuanhu Liu Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Xiaolian Fang Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Tingting Ji Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Jun Tai Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China

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Xin Ni Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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types of cancer, well-differentiated thyroid cancer is the only malignancy to include age as a part of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, indicating that age at diagnosis has been identified as a major determinant of thyroid cancer

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Luigino Dal Maso Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy

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Daniela Pierannunzio National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy

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Silvia Francisci National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy

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Angela De Paoli Epidemiological Department, Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy

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Federica Toffolutti Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy

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Salvatore Vaccarella Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

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Silvia Franceschi Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy

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Rossella Elisei Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Ugo Fedeli Epidemiological Department, Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy

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of the DEPTH Working Group
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of the DEPTH Working Group

radioactive iodine treatment for pediatric and young adulthood differentiated thyroid cancer and risk of second primary malignancies . Journal of Clinical Oncology 2022 40 1439 – 1449 . ( https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.21.01841 )

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Sang-Hyeon Ju Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Yong Bae Ji Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Minchul Song Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Joung Youl Lim Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Da Beom Heo Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Min-Gyu Kim Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Jae Won Chang Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Ho-Ryun Won Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea

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Yea Eun Kang Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Eu Jeong Ku Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Mijin Kim Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea

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Eun Kyung Lee Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea

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June Young Choi Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea

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Hyeong Won Yu Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea

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Young Joo Park Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Jun-Ho Choe Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea

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Bon Seok Koo Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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the MASTER study group †
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the MASTER study group

Introduction Thyroid cancer, which is the most common endocrine malignancy, has been increasing globally ( 1 , 2 ). From 1990 to 2017, the annual age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of thyroid cancer worldwide increased from 2.11 to 3

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Ilaria Muller Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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Carla Moran Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Beatriz Lecumberri Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

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Brigitte Decallonne Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Neil Robertson Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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Joanne Jones Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Colin M. Dayan Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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is observed in AIDS-associated cancers, but an increase is seen in other cancer types such as lung cancer and cervix carcinoma [ 66 , 67 ]. Overall, there is no evidence for an increased risk of thyroid malignancy after IRT. Due to the high

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Henning Dralle Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany

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, although this technology reliably permits prediction of recurrent laryngeal nerve function after the operation [ 48 ], and helps avoid bilateral vocal cord palsy by postponing completion of the other side in benign goiter and low-risk differentiated thyroid

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Syed Ali Imran Division of Endocrinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

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Karen Chu Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

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Murali Rajaraman Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

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Drew Rajaraman Division of Endocrinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

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Sunita Ghosh Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

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Sarah De Brabandere Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

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Stephanie M. Kaiser Division of Endocrinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

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Stan Van Uum Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

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Introduction Well-differentiated thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common thyroid malignancy, comprising over 90% of all TC [ 1 ]. Furthermore, data from various countries including Canada [ 2 ], the USA [ 3 - 5 ], and European countries [ 6 - 8

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Simon H.S. Pearce Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University
Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Georg Brabant Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany

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Leonidas H. Duntas Endocrine Unit, Evgenidion Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Fabio Monzani Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Robin P. Peeters Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Salman Razvi Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, UK

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Jean-Louis Wemeau Clinique Endocrinologique Marc Linquette, CHU, Lille, France

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within the normal range are associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer [reviewed in [ 40 ], [ 41 ]]. This was first proposed in a cohort of 1,500 subjects by Boelaert et al. [ 42 ] when studying the frequency of malignancy in patients with

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