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Tanja Diana Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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Hans-Peter Holthoff AdvanceCor GmbH, Martinsried, Germany

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Julia Fassbender AdvanceCor GmbH, Martinsried, Germany

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Christian Wüster Endocrine Laboratory and Practice Prof. Wüster, Mainz, Germany

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Michael Kanitz Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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George J. Kahaly Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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Martin Ungerer AdvanceCor GmbH, Martinsried, Germany

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Introduction Graves’ disease (GD) is the most prevalent organ-specific autoimmune disorder and the primary cause of hyperthyroidism. GD is a well-characterized autoimmune thyroid disease with a large number of known susceptibility genes [ 1

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Hélène Théodon Department of Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Erell Guillerm Department of Oncogenetic, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Johanna Wassermann Department of Oncology, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Gabrielle Deniziaut Department of Pathology, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Loïc Jaffrelot Department of Oncology, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Jérome Denis Department of Endocrine and Oncology Biochemistry, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Nathalie Chereau Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Claude Bigorgne Department of Pathology, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Wiame Potonnier Department of Pathology, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Florence Coulet Department of Oncogenetic, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Laurence Leenhardt Department of Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Camille Buffet Department of Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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, PDGFRA, PIK3CA, RAF1, RET, ROS1, SMO. Library amplification with bridge-PCR and high rate sequencing were performed on an lllumina (MiSeq or MiniSeq) platform. The bioinformatic analysis (detection sensitivity >99%) was made using the Sequence Pilot

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Lara Gut Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Selina Bernet Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Monika Huembelin Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Magdalena Mueller Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Ciril Baechli Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Daniel Koch Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Christian Nebiker Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital of Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Philipp Schuetz Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Beat Mueller Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Emanuel Christ Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Fahim Ebrahimi Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

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Alexander Kutz Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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this study was to investigate sex-specific variations in relevant patient-oriented clinical outcomes following thyroidectomy using a large population-based cohort. Material and Methods Study Design, Data Sources, and Participants In this

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Ulrich Schweizer Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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Jörg Johannes Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Dorothea Bayer Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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Doreen Braun Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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[ 2 ], followed by Jack Robbins, Jacques Blondeau and several others. The unspecific association of radiolabeled TH with cells always represented an issue, but several laboratories showed saturable and stereo-specific uptake indicative of plasma

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Zhen Gao The First Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China

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Hongtao Zhang The First Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China

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Lijuan Zhang The First Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China

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Huimin Yu The First Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China

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Xuemin Di The First Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China

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Zeyang Wang The First Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China

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Zezhou Liu The First Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China

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Aixia Sui The First Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China

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Juan Wang The First Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China

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Gaofeng Shi Department of Radiology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China

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remove the tumor completely with resection, and the incidence of recurrent laryngeal injury is high. External irradiation is not routinely used to treat thyroid cancer, as it is difficult to cure the tumor because of the low radiation sensitivity and dose

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Kassia B. Reuters Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Maria C.O.C. Mamone Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Elsa S. Ikejiri Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Cleber P. Camacho Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Claudia C.D. Nakabashi Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Carolina C.P.S. Janovsky Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Ji H. Yang Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Danielle M. Andreoni Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rosalia Padovani Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rui M.B. Maciel Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil

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Felipe A.B. Vanderlei Head and Neck Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rosa P.M. Biscolla Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil

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the FNA procedure, such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (VPP) and negative predictive value (VPN), were calculated using the formulae of Galen and Gambino [ 22 ]. True-negative samples were considered to be nodules with both a

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Stacey A. Fedewa Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Ga., USA

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Ahmedin Jemal Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Ga., USA

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Amy Y. Chen Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga., USA

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have high cause-specific survival rates that, on average, exceed 95% [ 2 ]. Yet, there is subset of differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) that do not respond to traditional therapies and have worse outcomes. Furthermore, medullary thyroid cancers (MTCs

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Bertrand Volard Departments of Biopathology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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Sophie Krieger EA 1772, University of Basse-Normandie, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
Departments of Biopathology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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Gaétane Planchard Departments of Biopathology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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Agnès Hardouin Departments of Biopathology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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Dominique Vaur Departments of Biopathology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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Jean-Pierre Rame Departments of Head and Neck Surgery, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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Stéphane Bardet Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Unit, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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cytology [ 3 , 4 ]. The sensitivity of this molecular approach is still limited, however, and further molecular markers are probably needed to improve its usefulness in routine [ 5 ]. In more than 70% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), activating

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Tanvir Rizvi Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va., USA

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Patrice K. Rehm Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va., USA

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]. 131 I whole-body imaging with TSH stimulation can localize sites of recurrence. The sensitivity of 131 I scanning and Tg measurement is limited by a small, relative amount of thyroid tissue present in patients treated by thyroidectomy and the

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L. Leenhardt Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Cancer Institute, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France

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M.F. Erdogan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Ankara School of Medicine, İbni Sina Hastanesi, Ankara, Turkey

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L. Hegedus Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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S.J. Mandel Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA

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R. Paschke Department of Endocrinology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

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T. Rago Endocrine Unit 1, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Cisanello, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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G. Russ Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Cancer Institute, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France

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are ovoid, but a round shape (L/S ratio below 2) can be seen in up to 36% [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 29 ]. Abnormal LNs: sensitivity and specificity of abnormal US and Doppler-US patterns are summarized in table 2 [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 ]. Table

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