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Paneeraq Noahsen Arctic Health Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Ilisimatusarfik, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
National Board of Health, Nuuk, Greenland

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Karsten F Rex Arctic Health Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Ilisimatusarfik, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
Department of Internal Medicine, Queen Ingrid’s Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland

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Inge Bülow Pedersen Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Gert Mulvad Ilisimatusarfik, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
Queen Ingrid’s Health Care Centre, Nuuk, Greenland

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Hans Christian Florian-Sørensen Tasiilaq Health Care Center, Tasiilaq, Greenland

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Michael Lynge Pedersen Steno Diabetes Center Nuuk, Nuuk, Greenland

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Stig Andersen Arctic Health Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Ilisimatusarfik, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
Department of Internal Medicine, Queen Ingrid’s Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland
Department of Geriatric Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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genetic component in thyroid autoimmunity. An interesting path to consider is the potential modulation of the immune responses by thyroid hormones ( 32 ) influenced by T3 levels altered by the cold that comes with Arctic residence ( 33 ). Furthermore

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Yalan Hu Y Hu, Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ , Netherlands

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Lorraine Soares De Oliveira L Soares De Oliveira, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, United States

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Kim Falize K Falize, Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg A van Trotsenburg, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology. Emma children’s hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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Eric Fliers E Fliers, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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Joseph E Kaserman J Kaserman, Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston Medical Center, Boston, United States

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Andrew A Wilson A Wilson, Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston Medical Center, Boston, United States

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Anthony N Hollenberg A Hollenberg, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, United States

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Eveline Bruinstroop E Bruinstroop, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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Anita Boelen A Boelen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1000 GG, Netherlands

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Background:

Mutations in TBL1X, part of the NCoR1/SMRT corepressor complex, were identified in patients with hereditary X-linked central congenital hypothyroidism and associated hearing loss. The role of TBL1X in thyroid hormone (TH) action, however, is incompletely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of TBL1X on T3 regulated gene expression in two human liver cell models.

Methods:

A human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) wherein TBL1X was down regulated using siRNAs, and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (iHeps) generated from individuals with a TBL1X N365Y mutation. Both cell types were treated with increasing concentrations of T3. The expression of T3 regulated genes was measured by qPCR.

Results:

KLF9, CPT1A and PCK1 mRNA expression was higher upon T3 stimulation in the HepG2 cells with decreased TBL1X expression compared to controls, while DIO1 mRNA expression was lower. Hemizygous TBL1X N365Y iHeps exhibited decreased expression of CPT1A, G6PC1, PCK1, FBP1 and ELOVL2 compared to cells with the heterozygous TBL1X N365Y, but KLF9 and HMGCS2 expression was unaltered.

Conclusion:

Downregulation of TBL1X in HepG2 cells and the TBL1X N365Y variant in iHeps have differential effects on T3 regulated gene expression. This suggests that TBL1X may play a gene context role in thyroid hormone TH action.

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Furio Pacini Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism and Biochemistry, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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between the low and high risk), remnant ablation may be indicated but the decision must be individualized. Effective thyroid ablation requires adequate stimulation by TSH. This may be achieved by thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) or after recombinant

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Graham R. Williams Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK

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(HPT) axis senses circulating thyroid hormone concentrations and physiological thyroid status is controlled by negative feedback regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the hypothalamus and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin

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Luca Persani Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy

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Patrice Rodien Service d’Endocrinologie-Diabétologie-Nutrition, Centre de référence des maladies rares de la Thyroïde et des récepteurs hormonaux, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France.

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Carla Moran Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Endocrine Section, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
Endocrinology Department, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

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W Edward Visser Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Stefan Groeneweg Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Robin Peeters Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Samuel Refetoff Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics and Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Mark Gurnell Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Paolo Beck-Peccoz Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy

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Krishna Chatterjee Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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screening for rare genetic and acquired disorders of thyroid hormone transport, metabolism, and action ( Recommendation: S; Quality of evidence: ØØØO). Dynamic endocrine tests (TRH stimulation (if available), L-T3 suppression), pituitary imaging (MRI

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João Sérgio Neves Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal

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Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal

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Marta Borges-Canha Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal

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Ana Rita Leite Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Sandra Martins Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Ana Oliveira Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal

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João Tiago Guimarães Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Davide Carvalho Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Adelino Leite-Moreira Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Ana Azevedo EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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studies have suggested that TSH may also have direct effects on heart and vessels [ 35 - 37 ]. In the myocardium, thyroid hormone stimulates channels and transporters involved in calcium fluxes, improving both contraction and relaxation. Thyroid hormone

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Kaoru Kobayashi Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Tomonori Yabuta Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Mitsuhiro Fukushima Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Minoru Kihara Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Yuuki Takamura Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Yasuhiro Ito Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Akihiro Miya Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Nobuyuki Amino Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Akira Miyauchi Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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ultrasonography without performing cytological examination at another hospital. The serum concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone was 2.4 μIU/ml (reference range 0.3-5.0), free thyroxine 0.98 ng/dl (0.70-1.60), and thyroglobulin 80.4 ng/ml (<35

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Tanja Diana Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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Christian Wüster Endocrine Laboratory Prof. Wüster, Mainz, Germany

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Paul D. Olivo Department of Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

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Angelica Unterrainer Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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Jochem König Endocrine Laboratory Prof. Wüster, Mainz, Germany

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Michael Kanitz Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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Artur Bossowski Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, and Diabetology, Medical University of Byalistok, Bialystok, Poland

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Brigitte Decallonne Division of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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George J. Kahaly Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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Introduction Antibodies (Ab) to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) may mimic [ 1 - 3 ] or block [ 4 ] the action of TSH or be functionally neutral [ 5 ]. TSHR stimulating Ab (TSAb) are responsible for many of the clinical

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Véronique Raverot Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, LBMMS, Centre de biologie et de pathologie Est, Lyon, France

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Stéphanie Metrat Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, LBMMS, Centre de biologie et de pathologie Est, Lyon, France

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Pauline Perrin Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, LBMMS, Centre de biologie et de pathologie Est, Lyon, France

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Juliette Abeillon Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Fédération d’Endocrinologie, Lyon, France

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Hélène Lasolle Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Fédération d’Endocrinologie, Lyon, France

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Introduction Diagnosis of thyroid disease is based on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) measurement. Occasionally, this measurement may be erroneous due to analytical interference. Clinical biochemists and clinicians need to be aware of this

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Marta Nascimento Soares Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Marta Borges-Canha Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine from the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Celestino Neves Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Institute for Research Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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João Sérgio Neves Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine from the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Davide Carvalho Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Institute for Research Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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outcomes The following parameters were collected from the patients’ clinical records: sex, age, age at diagnosis of Graves' disease, initial TRAbs, free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), height, weight

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