Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
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Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Laboratory Specialized Diagnostics & Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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, several national and international guidelines aid in clinical decision-making when confronted with a patient with subclinical hyperthyroidism. We performed a systematic review of national and international guidelines on subclinical hyperthyroidism
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); however, ultrasound examinations and aspiration biopsy cytology cannot differentiate between these types. The various guidelines available for the treatment of thyroid cancer are also based on experiences with adults, not children, and the natural course
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patient into consideration. Based on the aforementioned, ultrasound (US) screening of asymptomatic adults is discouraged. Thus, the present guidelines aim at providing a clinical practice guide for the initial workup and the subsequent management of adult
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Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Division of Pharmacies and Reimbursement, Danish Health and Medicines Authority, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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in prescribing T 4 /T 3 combination therapy and to investigate whether the European guidelines [ 3 ] were being followed and how the therapy is monitored, prescribed and adjusted. Furthermore, we aimed at characterizing the patient group who receives
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hormone overtreatment, either intentionally (in patients with thyroid cancer), unintentionally (in patients with hypothyroidism) or surreptitiously [ 2 , 3 ] (table 1 ). The present guidelines focus on endogenous SHyper, which will be referred to as
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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Endocrine Section, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
Endocrinology Department, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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hormone action via nuclear receptors ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Accordingly, these guidelines focus on the diagnosis and management of genetic disorders of thyroid hormone transport, metabolism, and action comprising resistance to thyroid hormone β (RTHβ
Medical School, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Obesity Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Foundation & University Teaching Trust, Salford, UK
Medical School, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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exceeds 10 mm ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Autopsy series revealed that up to 11% of people bear small intrathyroidal carcinomas ( 4 ). Despite this, according to guidelines, only approximately 5% of all thyroid nodules will harbour malignant disease ( 5
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The European Thyroid Association (ETA) has engaged itself in a mandatory though difficult task: the production of guidelines. Mandatory because it is the duty of a scientific medical society to contribute to the education and training of the
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Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Mayfair Radiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Departments of Medicine, Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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. and Grani et al. ( 5 , 6 ). In 2013, the European Thyroid Association (ETA) released POU guidelines for patients with thyroid cancer, which defined POU criteria for lymph node and thyroid bed nodule assessment ( 7 ). A retrospective assessment of
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Background and Objectives The risk-adapted approach to the treatment of thyroid cancer requires an appropriate staging and risk assessment of the disease. The European and American consensus and guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of