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Luigi Bartalena Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Fausto Bogazzi Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Luca Chiovato Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland

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Thera P. Links Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Mark Vanderpump Physicians’ Clinic, London, United Kingdom

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gland with pre-existing abnormalities (nodular goitre, latent Graves disease, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis) [ 2 ]. The epidemiology of AIT has changed over a period of 25 years in Italy, as the prevalence of AIT due to destructive thyroiditis (see

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Fabio Maino Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Cristina Dalmiglio Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Nicoletta Benenati Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Michele Campanile Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Tania Pilli Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Raffaella Forleo Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Lucia Brilli Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Cristina Ciuoli Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Silvia Cantara Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Marco Capezzone Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Alessandra Cartocci Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Furio Pacini Humanitas Clinical Institute, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy

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Maria Grazia Castagna Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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, Del Sordo M , Calvanese A , Carbotta G , Bianchini M , . Interpretation of serum calcitonin in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis . Endocr Relat Cancer . 2012 Jun ; 19 ( 3 ): 345 – 9 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ERC-12-0013 16

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Torquil Watt Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet
Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Jakob Bue Bjorner Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen

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Mogens Groenvold Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen
Department of Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital

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Steen Joop Bonnema Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Åse Krogh Rasmussen Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet

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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet

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variables. Accepting that patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, with or without thyroid dysfunction, have increased morbidity and decreased QoL, but seemingly no increase in mortality [ 38 ], remains a conundrum and needs further study. In

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Mehtap Cakir Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Konya, Turkey

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Banu Turgut Ozturk Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

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Elif Turan Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Konya, Turkey

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Gulsum Gonulalan Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Konya, Turkey

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Ilker Polat Departments of Internal Medicine, Konya, Turkey

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Kemal Gunduz Departments of Ophthalmology, Meram School of Medicine, Konya Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey

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vision testing with a computer graphics system; preliminary results. Doc Ophthalmol 1988;69:167-174. 10.1007/BF00153698 3168720 16 Weetman TA: Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis; in Braverman LE, Utiger RD (eds): Werner & Ingbar's The Thyroid: A

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Tania Pilli Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, Italy

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Silvia Cantara Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, Italy

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Lutz Schomburg Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Valeria Cenci Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, Italy

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Sandro Cardinale Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, Italy

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Ellen C.D. Heid Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Eike C. Kühn Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Gabriele Cevenini Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Fausta Sestini Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, Italy

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Carla Fioravanti Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, Italy

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Gabriele D'Hauw Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, Italy

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Furio Pacini Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, Italy

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Endocrinol 2011;8:160-171. 10.1038/nrendo.2011.174 22009156 12 Antonelli A, Rotondi M, Fallahi P, Romagnani P, Ferrari SM, Buonamano A, Ferrannini E, Serio M: High levels of circulating CXC chemokine ligand 10 are associated with chronic autoimmune

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Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, ‘V. Fazzi' Hospital, Lecce

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Giacomo Greco Faculty of Medicine, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy

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dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by attenuating eNOS and prostacyclin (PGI2) expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism also present a state of low-grade inflammation

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Anke Schlüter Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Anja K. Eckstein Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Alexandra Brenzel Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Mareike Horstmann Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Stephan Lang Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Utta Berchner-Pfannschmidt Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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J. Paul Banga Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Salvador Diaz-Cano Department of Histopathology, King’s College Hospital NHS, London, United Kingdom

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Metab Res 2015; 47: 702–710. 10.1055/s-0035-1548832 26361257 15 Weetman AP: The immunopathogenesis of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis one century after Hashimoto. Eur Thyroid J 2013; 1: 243–250. 10.1159/000343834 24783026 16 Chen CR

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Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, V. Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy

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Roberto Attanasio Endocrine Unit, Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Endre V. Nagy Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Enrico Papini Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ospedale Regina Apostolorum, Rome, Italy

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Petros Perros Department of Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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[ 19 - 21 ]. In contrast with current guidelines, a significant minority (more than a third) of endocrinologists would consider LT4 treatment in euthyroid female patients with infertility associated with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis

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John Lazarus Thyroid Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff

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Rosalind S. Brown Clinical Trials Research Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA

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Chantal Daumerie Endocrinologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

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Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, V. Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy

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Bijay Vaidya Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK

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is by chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT). Thyroid auto-antibodies are detected in about 50% of pregnant women with SCH and in more than 80% with overt hypothyroidism [ 29 ]. Hence in patients with SCH the measurement of thyroid peroxidase antibodies

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Peter P.A. Smyth School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

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Giassa Τ , Mamali I , Gaki Ε , Kaltsas G , Kouraklis G , Markou ΚΒ , . Iodine intake and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: a comparative study between coastal and mainland regions in Greece . Hormones . 2018 ; 17 ( 4 ): 565 – 71 . http

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