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Omar Abdul Hameed Ali Department of Surgery, University Charity and Teaching Hospital and Khartoum Breast Care Center

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Abdul Fatah Abdul Gadir Department of Pathology, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan

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thyroid gland size and structure and suggested that this type of food, which is widely consumed in the west of Sudan, contains thiocyanate, a goitrogen which could be a major factor responsible for endemicity in addition to iodine deficiency [ 4 ]. The

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Tetsuya Mizokami Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan

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Katsuhiko Hamada Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan

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Tetsushi Maruta Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan

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Kiichiro Higashi Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan

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Junichi Tajiri Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan

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weeks after 131 I administration [ 2 ]. Radiation thyroiditis is asymptomatic in most patients, but painful inflammation of the thyroid gland occurs in 1% of patients with hyperthyroidism [ 3 ]. It is even rarer for radiation thyroiditis to be

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Luigi Bartalena Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Fausto Bogazzi Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Luca Chiovato Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland

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Thera P. Links Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Mark Vanderpump Physicians’ Clinic, London, United Kingdom

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iodine intake, since AIH is relatively more frequent in iodine-replete and AIT in iodine-deficient geographical areas [ 2 ]. Both AIT and AIH may occur early or late during amiodarone treatment, and develop in an apparently normal thyroid gland or in a

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Vittoria Guarda Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

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Anja Pickhard Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

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Melanie Boxberg Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

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Katja Specht Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

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Anna Maria Stefanie Buchberger Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

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What Is Known about This Topic? Liposarcomas of the thyroid gland are extremely rare, and there is no definitive consensus within the literature about a comprehensive treatment recommendation yet. What Does This Case Report Add

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Meenu Gill Department of Pathology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak

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Ashima Batra Department of Pathology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak

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Ashok Sangwaiya Department of Pathology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak

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Samta Shakya General Hospital, Sirsa, India

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Sumiti Gupta Department of Pathology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak

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Rajeev Sen Department of Pathology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak

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What Is Known about This Topic • Primary thyroid gland lymphomas (PTLs) are uncommon tumors. • Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) is the least common type of thyroid lymphomas. • SLL type of PTL revealing plasmacytic differentiation has

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Joanna Bogusławska Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Marlena Godlewska Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Ewa Gajda Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Introduction Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is defined as a dysregulation of the immune system leading to autoimmune attack on the thyroid gland. It is the most common autoimmune disease affecting humans ( 1 ). The two major clinical

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Haggi Mazeh Department of Surgery, Jerusalem, Israel

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Amir Orlev Department of Surgery, Jerusalem, Israel

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Ido Mizrahi Department of Surgery, Jerusalem, Israel

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David J. Gross Endocrinology and Metabolism Service Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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Herbert R. Freund Department of Surgery, Jerusalem, Israel

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carcinomas of the thyroid gland in the very same patient is extremely rare and has previously been reported only twice in the English literature [ 4 , 5 ]. We present the unique case of a simultaneous presence of medullary, follicular, and papillary thyroid

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Hai-Yan Jia Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Juan Chen Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Zi-Xin Zhai Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Wen-Wen Fan Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Si-Jie Yuan Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Qiong Liu Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Xiao-Hui Yan Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Qian-Qian Shen Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Li-Ping Liu Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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examination revealed a tough nodule in the left thyroid gland approximately 5 cm in size, with unclear boundaries and moderate mobility, moving with deglutition. The medical history of the patient included left nephrectomy 12 years prior due to ccRCC and

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José I. López Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, BioCruces Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, Barakaldo

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Rosa Zabala Department of Radiology, Basurto University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain

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José Luís del Cura Department of Radiology, Basurto University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain

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Introduction Radiological scans of the neck (ultrasound (US), computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging), in many cases carried out for reasons unrelated to the thyroid gland, lead to the finding of many thyroid nodules, both palpable

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Denise P. Carvalho Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Corinne Dupuy Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8200 CNRS, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

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, indicating a relatively high level of this oxidizing agent in the thyroid gland. More recently, the observation that somatic mutations are present in higher levels in the rat thyroid gland has further confirmed that the thyrocyte is under oxidative stress [ 5

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