Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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Faculty of Medical Sciences of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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[ 2 ]. Although rare, in some cases the disease is refractory to RAI. Such patients have a poor prognosis as there is a lack of effective treatment options [ 3 - 5 ]. To date, various alterations in molecular pathways have been identified as playing
Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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[ 1 , 2 ] and environmental factors [ 3 ]. One strong risk factor is tobacco smoking, which results in higher TRAb at diagnosis of GD and during treatment with thiamazole than in nonsmokers [ 4 ]. It has also been shown that smokers treated with
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NOVA Medical School
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Established Facts Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a minimally invasive oncologic treatment of tumors located in the skin and subcutaneous tissue and is highly effective especially to relieve pain, stop bleeding, and improve the quality of
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Introduction Radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment may be used after total thyroidectomy (TT) for thyroid cancer for several purposes: remnant ablation to facilitate detection of recurrent disease, adjuvant treatment of subclinical residual tumor
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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did they address patients with TCH. Current consensus guidelines on CH recommend that genetic testing should aim to improve diagnosis, treatment or prognosis of the patients ( 13 ). But it is unclear which patients would benefit most from such a
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Introduction Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and target therapies are efficiently used in the treatment of progressive radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAI-R DTC) and advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) ( 1 ). In
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund
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Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund
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Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund
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Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund
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factors are important, and two strong risk factors for development of GO are smoking and treatment with radioiodine [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. An interesting observation was made in a patient with inactive and stable GO, who developed active clinical
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‘Endo SHyper' throughout this paper. Is There a Need for Clinical Practice Guidelines on SHyper? Given the controversies regarding the clinical significance and possible benefits of treatment of SHyper [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], in 2014 the European
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Introduction Persons treated with levothyroxine (L-T4) describe a decreased quality of life more often than the general population and the explanation seems to be multifactorial. Whether to use routine treatment of hypothyroidism to increase
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Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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may be considered in some cases [ 3 ], but a recent study showed that this treatment had no effect on pregnancy or neonatal outcomes in women with a history of reproductive failure [ 11 ]. Additionally, subclinical hyperthyroidism has not been