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Francisco Sousa Santos Endocrinology Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal

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Rita Joana Santos Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal

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Valeriano Leite Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
Faculty of Medical Sciences of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

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[ 2 ]. Although rare, in some cases the disease is refractory to RAI. Such patients have a poor prognosis as there is a lack of effective treatment options [ 3 - 5 ]. To date, various alterations in molecular pathways have been identified as playing

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Ola Lindgren Department of Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Pernilla Asp Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

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Anna Sundlöv Department of Oncology, Lund University, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

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Jan Tennvall Department of Oncology, Lund University, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

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Bushra Shahida Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, and Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Tereza Planck Department of Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Peter Åsman Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Ophthalmology, Lund University, and Department of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Mikael Lantz Department of Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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[ 1 , 2 ] and environmental factors [ 3 ]. One strong risk factor is tobacco smoking, which results in higher TRAb at diagnosis of GD and during treatment with thiamazole than in nonsmokers [ 4 ]. It has also been shown that smokers treated with

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Daniela Cavaco Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal

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Sara Carvalhal Department of General Surgery, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal

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Valeriano Leite Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

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Established Facts Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a minimally invasive oncologic treatment of tumors located in the skin and subcutaneous tissue and is highly effective especially to relieve pain, stop bleeding, and improve the quality of

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Luigino Dal Maso Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy

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Daniela Pierannunzio National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy

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Silvia Francisci National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy

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Angela De Paoli Epidemiological Department, Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy

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Federica Toffolutti Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy

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Salvatore Vaccarella Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

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Silvia Franceschi Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy

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Rossella Elisei Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Ugo Fedeli Epidemiological Department, Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy

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of the DEPTH Working Group
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of the DEPTH Working Group

Introduction Radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment may be used after total thyroidectomy (TT) for thyroid cancer for several purposes: remnant ablation to facilitate detection of recurrent disease, adjuvant treatment of subclinical residual tumor

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Cengiz Kara Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey

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Jamala Mammadova Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Altinbas University Medicalpark Bahçelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

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Ümmet Abur Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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Cagri Gumuskaptan Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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Elif İzci Güllü Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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Ayhan Dağdemir Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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Murat Aydın Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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did they address patients with TCH. Current consensus guidelines on CH recommend that genetic testing should aim to improve diagnosis, treatment or prognosis of the patients ( 13 ). But it is unclear which patients would benefit most from such a

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Carla Colombo Endocrine Oncology Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Daniele Ceruti Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Massimiliano Succi Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Simone De Leo Endocrine Oncology Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Matteo Trevisan Endocrine Oncology Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Claudia Moneta Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Laura Fugazzola Endocrine Oncology Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Introduction Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and target therapies are efficiently used in the treatment of progressive radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAI-R DTC) and advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) ( 1 ). In

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Mikael Lantz Department of Endocrinology and Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund

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Jan Calissendorff Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset

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Frank Träisk Department of Clinical Neurosciences, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

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Leif Tallstedt Department of Clinical Neurosciences, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

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Tereza Planck Department of Endocrinology and Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund

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Ove Törring Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset

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Bengt Hallengren Department of Endocrinology and Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund

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Peter Åsman Department of Endocrinology and Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund

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factors are important, and two strong risk factors for development of GO are smoking and treatment with radioiodine [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. An interesting observation was made in a patient with inactive and stable GO, who developed active clinical

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Bernadette Biondi Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

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Luigi Bartalena Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Endocrine Unit, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy

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David S. Cooper Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Peter Laurberg Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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George J. Kahaly Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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‘Endo SHyper' throughout this paper. Is There a Need for Clinical Practice Guidelines on SHyper? Given the controversies regarding the clinical significance and possible benefits of treatment of SHyper [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], in 2014 the European

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Jeppe Lerche la Cour Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, Herlev, Denmark

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Line Tang Møllehave Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region, Denmark

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Bjarke Røssner Medici Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, Herlev, Denmark

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Christian Zinck Jensen Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, Herlev, Denmark

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Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region, Denmark

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Birte Nygaard Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, Herlev, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Introduction Persons treated with levothyroxine (L-T4) describe a decreased quality of life more often than the general population and the explanation seems to be multifactorial. Whether to use routine treatment of hypothyroidism to increase

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Suvi Turunen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Marja Vääräsmäki Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Maarit Leinonen Information Services Department, Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

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Mika Gissler Information Services Department, Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

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Tuija Männistö Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Nordlab, Oulu, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Finland Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

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Eila Suvanto Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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may be considered in some cases [ 3 ], but a recent study showed that this treatment had no effect on pregnancy or neonatal outcomes in women with a history of reproductive failure [ 11 ]. Additionally, subclinical hyperthyroidism has not been

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