Wenxing Guo
Wenxing Guo
The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Long Tan
Long Tan
The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Shuyao Dong
Shuyao Dong
The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Ya Jin
Ya Jin
The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Mei Zhu
Mei Zhu
The Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Hongyan Wei
Hongyan Wei
The Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Yanting Chen
Yanting Chen
The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Lili Fan
Lili Fan
The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Cong Du
Cong Du
The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Wanqi Zhang
Wanqi Zhang
The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
The Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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The Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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Introduction Thyroid volume (Tvol) and total goitre rate have been regarded as sensitive indicators reflecting long-term population iodine nutrition [ 1 ]. Iodine deficiency and iodine excess are associated with marked differences in goitre
Clare Yvonne England
Clare Yvonne England
National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Laura Moss
Laura Moss
Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Matthew Beasley
Matthew Beasley
University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Ingrid Haupt-Schott
Ingrid Haupt-Schott
Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Georgia Herbert
Georgia Herbert
National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Charlotte Atkinson
Charlotte Atkinson
National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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iodine status can interfere with uptake of 131 I. The UK Guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer state that, based on expert opinion, exposure to iodinated contrast and treatment with drugs or supplements rich in iodine should be avoided, and
Yi Pan
Yi Pan
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga
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Kathleen L. Caldwell
Kathleen L. Caldwell
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga
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Yan Li
Yan Li
Joint Program in Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, Md., USA
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Samuel P. Caudill
Samuel P. Caudill
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga
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Mary E. Mortensen
Mary E. Mortensen
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga
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Amir Makhmudov
Amir Makhmudov
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga
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Robert L. Jones
Robert L. Jones
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga
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Introduction Iodine is a trace element that is essential for proper thyroid function. When combined with the amino acid tyrosine, iodine produces vital thyroid hormones that control human biochemical reactions, metabolism, enzyme and protein
John H. Lazarus
John H. Lazarus
Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Iodine Requirements In the case of all pregnant women, with or without thyroid disease, it should be remembered that the recommended iodine intake during pregnancy and lactation should be 250 µg/day (table 2 ), which corresponds to a urinary iodine
Stine Linding Andersen
Stine Linding Andersen
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg
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Jørn Olsen
Jørn Olsen
Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Chun Sen Wu
Chun Sen Wu
Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Peter Laurberg
Peter Laurberg
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg
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for maternal iodine intake. Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis and Denmark was previously iodine deficient with regional differences; moderate iodine deficiency in West Denmark and mild iodine deficiency in East Denmark (divided by the
Luigino Dal Maso
Luigino Dal Maso
Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
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Daniela Pierannunzio
Daniela Pierannunzio
National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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Silvia Francisci
Silvia Francisci
National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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Angela De Paoli
Angela De Paoli
Epidemiological Department, Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy
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Federica Toffolutti
Federica Toffolutti
Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
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Salvatore Vaccarella
Salvatore Vaccarella
Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Silvia Franceschi
Silvia Franceschi
Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
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Rossella Elisei
Rossella Elisei
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Ugo Fedeli
Ugo Fedeli
Epidemiological Department, Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy
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of the DEPTH Working Group
of the DEPTH Working Group
of the DEPTH Working Group
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Introduction Radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment may be used after total thyroidectomy (TT) for thyroid cancer for several purposes: remnant ablation to facilitate detection of recurrent disease, adjuvant treatment of subclinical residual tumor
Andries H Groen
Andries H Groen
Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Deborah van Dijk
Deborah van Dijk
Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Wim Sluiter
Wim Sluiter
Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Thera P Links
Thera P Links
Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Hendrik P Bijl
Hendrik P Bijl
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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John T M Plukker
John T M Plukker
Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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by radioactive iodine ( 131 I) and thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression therapy ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). However, 15–33% of DTC patients have a primary iodine refractory-differentiated thyroid cancer (IR-DTC) or develop IR-DTC after several sessions of
Ayanthi Wijewardene
Ayanthi Wijewardene
Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Matti Gild
Matti Gild
Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Carolina Nylén
Carolina Nylén
Endocrine Surgery Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Geoffrey Schembri
Geoffrey Schembri
Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Paul Roach
Paul Roach
Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Jeremy Hoang
Jeremy Hoang
Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Ahmad Aniss
Ahmad Aniss
Endocrine Surgery Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Anthony Glover
Anthony Glover
Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Endocrine Surgery Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Endocrine Surgery Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Mark Sywak
Mark Sywak
Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Endocrine Surgery Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Endocrine Surgery Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Stan Sidhu
Stan Sidhu
Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Endocrine Surgery Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Endocrine Surgery Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Diana Learoyd
Diana Learoyd
Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Bruce Robinson
Bruce Robinson
Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Lyndal Tacon
Lyndal Tacon
Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Roderick Clifton-Bligh
Roderick Clifton-Bligh
Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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]. Over 97% of thyroid cancer is well-differentiated, originating from thyroid follicular cells. Differentiated thyroid cancer includes papillary, follicular, or Hurthle-cell neoplasms [ 4 ]. Radioactive iodine (RAI) is considered following total
Sarah L. Lutterman
Sarah L. Lutterman
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala
Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hein J. Verberne
Hein J. Verberne
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Frederik A. Verburg
Frederik A. Verburg
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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A.S. Paul van Trotsenburg
A.S. Paul van Trotsenburg
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Christiaan F. Mooij
Christiaan F. Mooij
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Introduction In adults and children, hyperthyroidism is mostly caused by Graves’ disease (GD) [ 1 , 2 ]. Treatment options for GD include antithyroid drugs (ATDs), thyroidectomy, and radioactive iodine (RAI). In Europe, ATDs are the preferred
John H. Lazarus
John H. Lazarus
Thyroid Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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Iodine deficiency has been recognised as a worldwide problem since the last century [ 1 ]. The International Council for Iodine Deficiency Disorders Global Network (ICCIDD GN) has underpinned remarkable progress in ameliorating this problem
