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Amanda La Greca Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA

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Bin Xu Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill-Cornell College of Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA

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Ronald Ghossein Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill-Cornell College of Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA

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R. Michael Tuttle Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA

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Mona M. Sabra Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA

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(includes more than 1 tumor focus sized ≥1 cm). Several studies have confirmed the risk of structural disease recurrence in multifocal papillary microcarcinoma treated with total thyroidectomy to be low, varying from 4 to 6% [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In similar

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Tina Toft Kristensen Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Køge Hospital, Region Zealand, Køge

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Jacob Larsen Departments of Clinical Pathology, Næstved Hospital, Region Zealand, Næstved, Denmark

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Palle Lyngsie Pedersen Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Næstved Hospital, Region Zealand, Næstved, Denmark

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Anne-Dorthe Feldthusen Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Næstved Hospital, Region Zealand, Næstved, Denmark

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Christina Ellervik Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Næstved Hospital, Region Zealand, Næstved, Denmark

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Søren Jelstrup Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Køge Hospital, Region Zealand, Køge

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Jan Kvetny Internal Medicine, Næstved Hospital, Region Zealand, Næstved, Denmark

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Background: The significance of perturbations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones within the laboratory reference ranges after hemithyroidectomy is unknown. Our aim was to examine changes in TSH and thyroid hormones after hemithyroidectomy for benign euthyroid goiter, focusing on tissue response by examining the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and basal oxygen consumption (V˙<smlcap>O</smlcap><sub>2</sub>). Materials and Methods: In a prospective study on 28 patients and controls, we examined serum TSH and thyroid hormones before hemithyroidectomy and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after hemithyroidectomy for benign euthyroid goiter. In the hemithyroidectomy group, flow cytometry was used to measure the MMP of tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM)- and MitoTracker Green (MTG)-stained PBMCs, and V˙<smlcap>O</smlcap><sub>2</sub> was measured by an Oxycon Pro apparatus. Results: One year after hemithyroidectomy, TSH had increased from a median of 0.97 mIU/l (interquartile range, IQR: 0.69-1.50 mIU/l) to 2.10 mIU/l (IQR: 1.90-3.00 mIU/l; p < 0.001); free thyroxine (fT<sub>4</sub>) had decreased from a median of 16.0 pmol/l (IQR: 14.9-17.0 pmol/l) to 14.8 pmol/l (IQR: 14.1-16.4 pmol/l; p = 0.009), whereas total triiodothyronine variations did not differ from those in controls. Concomitantly, the MMP of TMRM- and MTG-stained PBMCs was increased by 58% (p < 0.001) and 22% (p = 0.008), respectively. V˙<smlcap>O</smlcap><sub>2</sub> was increased by 14% (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Hemithyroidectomy for benign euthyroid goiter induced persistently increased TSH and decreased fT<sub>4</sub>, sustained mitochondrial hyperpolarization and increased V˙<smlcap>O</smlcap><sub>2</sub>. Our results demonstrate a decrease after hemithyroidectomy of the metabolic state to which the individual is adapted, with persistent cellular metabolic changes in a hemithyroidectomized patient group which is normally considered clinically and biochemically euthyroid.

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Bruno Bouça Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Ana Cláudia Martins Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Paula Bogalho Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Lídia Sousa Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Tiago Bilhim Interventional Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Filipe Veloso Gomes Interventional Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Élia Coimbra Interventional Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Ana Agapito Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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José Silva-Nunes Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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challenging scenario ( 2 ). The European Thyroid Association recommends emergency thyroidectomy for AIT unresponsive to medical therapy in patients with severe underlying cardiac disease or deteriorating cardiac function ( 6 ). Nevertheless, this decision

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Patrick Aidan ENT Unit, American Hospital of Paris, Neuilly sur Seine, France

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Helen Pickburn ENT Unit, American Hospital of Paris, Neuilly sur Seine, France

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Hervé Monpeyssen Endocrinology Unit, American Hospital of Paris, Neuilly sur Seine, France

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Gilles Boccara Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, American Hospital of Paris, Neuilly sur Seine, France

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is superior to endoscopic techniques in terms of completeness of resection [ 2 ], and complications after robotic thyroidectomy are no higher than experienced after open [ 10 ] or endoscopic techniques [ 15 ]; this is attributed mainly to the

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Muhammad Fahad Arshad Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

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Amardass Dhami Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK

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Gillian Quarrell Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK

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Saba Prakash Balasubramanian Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

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-term complication after thyroidectomy. Hypocalcaemia appearing within first 24 h after surgery, reflecting parathyroid insufficiency, can occur in up to 30–60% of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy ( 1 ). In the majority of these patients (up to 90%), this is

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Lucie Allard Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Unité Thyroïde-Tumeurs Endocrines, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Jérôme Alexandre Denis Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, UF Oncobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Pitié Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Gaëlle Godiris Petit Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Service de Chirurgie Générale, Viscérale et Endocrinienne, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Gabrielle Deniziaut Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Service d’Anatomo-Pathologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Cécile Ghander Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Unité Thyroïde-Tumeurs Endocrines, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Elise Mathy Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Unité Thyroïde-Tumeurs Endocrines, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Erell Guillerm Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, UF d’Onco-Angiogénétique et Génomique des Tumeurs Solides, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Charlotte Lussey-Lepoutre Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Laurence Leenhardt Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Unité Thyroïde-Tumeurs Endocrines, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Camille Buffet Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Unité Thyroïde-Tumeurs Endocrines, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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successfully, total thyroidectomy and central and right lymph node dissection were performed. During surgery, the subhyoid muscles and right internal jugular vein had to be excised due to cancer invasion, but the tumor was easily removed from the pharyngeal

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Eun Kyung Jang Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

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Dong Eun Song Departments of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

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Gyungyub Gong Departments of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

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Jung Hwan Baek Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

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Yun Mi Choi Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

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Min Ji Jeon Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

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Ji Min Han Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

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Won Gu Kim Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

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Tae Yong Kim Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

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Young Kee Shong Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

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Won Bae Kim Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

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histological examination of surgically removed thyroids. Subjects Patients who underwent FNA and thyroidectomy in Asan Medical Center from 2004 to 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. First, patients with FNAC findings of PTC prior to surgery were

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Takaaki Konishi Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

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Michimasa Fujiogi Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Nobuaki Michihata Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

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Takayoshi Niwa Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

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Kojiro Morita Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Health Services, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

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Hiroki Matsui Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

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Kiyohide Fushimi Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan

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Masahiko Tanabe Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

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Yasuyuki Seto Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

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Hideo Yasunaga Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

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Introduction Thyroidectomy is the only radical treatment for thyroid cancer. Several complications may occur following thyroidectomy: for example, post-operative bleeding, recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis, post-operative hypocalcaemia

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Pedro Weslley Rosario Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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Gabriela Franco Mourão Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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Maria Regina Calsolari Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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thyroidectomy. Patients and Methods Study This was a prospective study. The study was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee, and the subjects gave informed consent. Patients The patients of this study were treated at our hospital

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Patrick W. Owens Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland

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Terri P. McVeigh Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
Cancer Genetics Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

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Eoin J. Fahey Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland

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Marcia Bell Department of Endocrinology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland

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Denis S. Quill Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland

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Michael J. Kerin Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland

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Aoife J. Lowery Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland

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thyroid cancer include diagnostic lobectomy for those with Thy3 or Thy4 fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Total thyroidectomy (TT) is advised for patients with Thy5 FNAC or with confirmed DTC following diagnostic lobectomy where tumour size exceeds 4

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