Wilmar M. Wiersinga
Wilmar M. Wiersinga
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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outside but FT 4 and FT 3 within their respective reference ranges). Evered et al. [ 8 ] proposed 40 years ago to grade hypothyroidism along biochemical criteria. They distinguished between grade I (subclinical), grade II (mild), and grade III (overt
Yuichiro Iwamoto
Yuichiro Iwamoto
Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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Takatoshi Anno
Takatoshi Anno
Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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Katsumasa Koyama
Katsumasa Koyama
Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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Yusuke Ota
Yusuke Ota
Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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Kazutaka Nakashima
Kazutaka Nakashima
Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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Yasumasa Monobe
Yasumasa Monobe
Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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Hideaki Kaneto
Hideaki Kaneto
Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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Niro Okimoto
Niro Okimoto
Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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Koichi Tomoda
Koichi Tomoda
Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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compression and marked lateral displacement of the trachea to the left as shown in Figure 1 a. Thyroid-associated data were almost normal: thyroid stimulating hormone, 0.429 μIU/mL (reference range, 0.400–6.000 μIU/mL); free tri-iodothyronine, 2.49 pg
Linde A.C. De Grande
Linde A.C. De Grande
Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Katleen Van Uytfanghe
Katleen Van Uytfanghe
Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Linda M. Thienpont
Linda M. Thienpont
Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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range, the referred authors propose three different relationships in the hypo-, eu-, and hyperthyroid range. While they use different mathematical models to describe the relationships, they have in common that they work with functions that interconnect
Salvatore Benvenga
Salvatore Benvenga
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Italy
Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina School of Medicine, Italy
Interdepartmental Program of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
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Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina School of Medicine, Italy
Interdepartmental Program of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
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Roberto Vita
Roberto Vita
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Italy
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Flavia Di Bari
Flavia Di Bari
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Italy
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Poupak Fallahi
Poupak Fallahi
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Alessandro Antonelli
Alessandro Antonelli
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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carbonate and 7,000 IU/week of vitamin D 3 because of borderline low calcemia (8.0 mg/dl, 2.0 mmol/l). She was referred because 1 month earlier her serum TSH had reached 7.0 mU/l (reference range: 0.25-4.0) under 150 μg/day (2.3 μg/kg body weight/day) of L
Stan R Ursem
Stan R Ursem
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Anita Boelen
Anita Boelen
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jacquelien J Hillebrand
Jacquelien J Hillebrand
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wendy P J den Elzen
Wendy P J den Elzen
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Specialized Diagnostics & Research, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Annemieke C Heijboer
Annemieke C Heijboer
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Thyroid Function Tests established in 2010 standardization differences up to 39% between TSH assays and recommended further research into the concentration range close to the limit of quantification ( 1 ). The working group deemed the availability of TSH
Claire L Wood
Claire L Wood
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Niamh Morrison
Niamh Morrison
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Michael Cole
Michael Cole
Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Malcolm Donaldson
Malcolm Donaldson
Department of Child Health, University of Glasgow School of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
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David B Dunger
David B Dunger
Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Ruth Wood
Ruth Wood
Newcastle Clinical Trials Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Simon H S Pearce
Simon H S Pearce
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Timothy D Cheetham
on behalf of the British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (BSPED)
Timothy D Cheetham
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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thyroxine (FT4) response in the two groups; specifically the time taken for TSH levels to rise or for FT4 concentrations to fall within the local reference ranges. Free tri-iodothyroinine (FT3) concentrations were not measured routinely in this trial
Christophe Ghys
Christophe Ghys
Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium
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Michel Depierreux
Michel Depierreux
Departments of Pathology, Brussels, Belgium
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Elçin Ozalp
Elçin Ozalp
Departments of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Brigitte Velkeniers
Brigitte Velkeniers
Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium
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significant cervical lymph node enlargement and swollen tonsils. Thyroid palpation revealed a diffuse firm and painless goiter. In an additional blood analysis, an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 8 mm/h (reference range, <15 mm/h) and C-reactive protein
Diogo Mendes
Diogo Mendes
Center for Health Technology Assessment and Drug Research, Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
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Carlos Alves
Carlos Alves
Center for Health Technology Assessment and Drug Research, Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
Laboratory of Social Pharmacy and Public Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Laboratory of Social Pharmacy and Public Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Nuno Silverio
Nuno Silverio
Merck S.A., Algés, Portugal
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Francisco Batel Marques
Francisco Batel Marques
Center for Health Technology Assessment and Drug Research, Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
Laboratory of Social Pharmacy and Public Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Laboratory of Social Pharmacy and Public Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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a decreased level of serum free thyroxin (fT 4 ) as compared to the reference ranges in the general population. Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined as an elevated serum TSH level in combination with a normal serum fT 4 level [ 1 , 2 ]. The
Heleen I Jansen
Heleen I Jansen
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Antonius E van Herwaarden
Antonius E van Herwaarden
Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Henk J Huijgen
Henk J Huijgen
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
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Rebecca C Painter
Rebecca C Painter
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jacquelien J Hillebrand
Jacquelien J Hillebrand
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Anita Boelen
Anita Boelen
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Annemieke C Heijboer
Annemieke C Heijboer
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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/L at the lower or upper reference range ( 46 , 47 , 48 ). However, different fT4 IAs have varying techniques and reagent composition in measuring fT4 concentrations, meaning pregnancy does not influence all different IAs to the same extent as was
Bengt Hallengren
Bengt Hallengren
Departments of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Tereza Planck
Tereza Planck
Departments of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Peter Åsman
Peter Åsman
Departments of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Mikael Lantz
Mikael Lantz
Departments of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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antibodies present and hypothyroidism requiring thyroxine. Material and Methods Assays In 1999-2000, TSH receptor antibodies were measured by a second-generation radioreceptor assay [TRAK-assay, Henning, Berlin, Germany; reference range <10
