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  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone x
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Giorgio Radetti Marienklinik, Bolzano, Italy

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Franco Rigon Department of Paediatrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Alessandro Salvatoni Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Irene Campi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Tiziana De Filippis Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Valentina Cirello Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Silvia Longhi Department of Paediatrics, Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy

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Fabiana Guizzardi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Marco Bonomi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Luca Persani Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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demonstrated ( 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ). RTHβ, firstly described by Refetoff in 1967 ( 8 ), is characterized by elevated circulating free thyroxine (fT4) and free tri-iodothyronine (fT3) together with an unsuppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). RTHβ is

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid hormone action
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0054
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access
Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, “V. Fazzi” Hospital, Lecce, Italy

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Roberto Attanasio Endocrinology Service, Galeazzi Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Enrico Papini Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy

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Rinaldo Guglielmi Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy

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Franco Grimaldi Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “S. Maria della Misericordia”, Udine, Italy

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Vincenzo Toscano Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy

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Dan Alexandru  Niculescu Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine of Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

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Diana Loreta  Paun Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine of Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

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Catalina Poiana Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine of Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

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dysfunction by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) at the beginning of pregnancy should be warranted ( p < 0.01), and 60.5% believed that randomized clinical trials demonstrated a detrimental effect on intelligence quotients of babies from mothers with

Article Type:
Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000490944
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 6
Free access
George J. Kahaly Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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Luigi Bartalena Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Lazlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Laurence Leenhardt Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors Unit, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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Kris Poppe Endocrine Unit, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Simon H. Pearce Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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–60 years, with an increased incidence among African Americans [ 8 ]. GD is an organ-specific autoimmune disease whose major manifestations are owing to circulating autoantibodies (Ab) that stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R) leading

Article Type:
Guideline
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000490384
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 4
Free access
Line Tang Møllehave Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Nils Knudsen Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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Allan Linneberg Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Inge Bülow Pedersen Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Gitte Ravn-Haren Research Group for Risk Benefit, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

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Anja Lykke Madsen Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Allan Carlé Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Charlotte Cerqueira The Danish Clinical Quality Program – National Clinical Registries (RKKP), Denmark

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Anne Krejbjerg Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Lone Banke Rasmussen Independent researcher, Klemensker, Denmark

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Lars Ovesen Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Hans Perrild Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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Lena Bjergved Sigurd Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Betina Heinsbæk Thuesen Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Pernille Vejbjerg Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Torben Jørgensen Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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both C1a and C1b; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; Tg, thyroglobulin; TPOAb, thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies; TgAb, thyroglobulin autoantibodies; UIC, urinary iodine concentration. The DanThyr studies followed the ethical requirements that

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Environment and thyroid function
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0230
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 3
Open access
Hicham Benabdelkamel Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Malak A Jaber Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan

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Lina A Dahabiyeh Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

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Afshan Masood Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Reem H Almalki Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Mohthash Musambil Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Anas M Abdel Rahman Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and King Saud Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Assim A Alfadda Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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diagnostic tests and therapeutic agents now implemented in the clinical setting. To assess thyroid gland function, several blood tests can be used to measure the levels of thyroid hormones and other related hormones. These tests include those for thyroid-stimulating

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0062
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Open access
Anita Boelen Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annemieke C Heijboer Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland occurs. Less commonly, insufficient stimulation of the thyroid gland due to defects at the level of the hypothalamus or pituitary causes CH (central CH) . In

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0041
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Open access
Zhi Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Andries Kalsbeek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Eric Fliers Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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) synthesis, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release, and serum TH concentrations together coordinating an increase in thermogenesis and cold adaption. However, only little is known about the mechanisms that regulate cold-induced thermogenesis in the context

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000493976
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 6
Open access
Eyun Song Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Jonghwa Ahn Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Hye-Seon Oh Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Min Ji Jeon Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Won Gu Kim Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Won Bae Kim Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Young Kee Shong Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Tae Yong Kim Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Institutional Review Board of Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. Fig. 1. Description of study subjects. TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone. Body Weight Change Participants were required to complete a questionnaire regarding BWC over the

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000499961
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 4
Free access
Naohiro Araki Diagnostic Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan

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Mitsuru Iida Diagnostic Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan

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Nobuyuki Amino Department of Internal Medicine, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan

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Shinji Morita Department of Internal Medicine, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan

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Akane Ide Department of Internal Medicine, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan

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Eijun Nishihara Department of Internal Medicine, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan

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Mitsuru Ito Department of Internal Medicine, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan

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Jun Saito Department of Medicine, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan

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Tetsuo Nishikawa Department of Medicine, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan

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Kiyonori Katsuragi Diagnostic Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan

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Akira Miyauchi Department of Internal Medicine, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan

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Introduction Autoantibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) are functionally heterogeneous and bind to the receptor with high affinity [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Based on their biological activities, they have been classified into

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000371740
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 1
Open access
Katarzyna Pelewicz Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

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Rafał Wolny Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland

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Tomasz Bednarczuk Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

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Piotr Miśkiewicz Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

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functioning nodular goiters are at higher risk of developing this dysfunction [ 3 ]. The risk of goiter development is higher in the area of iodine deficiency [ 4 ]. Deficient iodine intake may impact the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), causing

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000515126
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 4
Free access