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Eric Fliers Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Barbara Demeneix Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Département “Adaptation du Vivant”, UMR 7221 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle/CNRS, Paris, France

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Ashok Bhaseen , Montreal, Québec, Canada

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Thomas H. Brix Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark

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, Ovesen L, Laurberg P, Perrild H, Rasmussen LB, Jørgensen T: Doubling in the use of thyroid hormone replacement therapy in Denmark: association to iodization of salt? Eur J Epidemiol 2011; 26: 629–635. A. Bhaseen: on behalf of the Thyroid

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Lars C. Moeller Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Yaw Appiagyei-Dankah Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, S.C., USA

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Birgit Köhler Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Heike Biebermann Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Onno E. Janssen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Dagmar Führer Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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; Berlin: Roche Elecsys, Basel, Switzerland) and TBG (ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA). Sequencing of the TBG Gene Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes after informed consent was obtained. The promoter, the

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Eftychia G. Koukkou Endocrine Unit, E Venizelou Hospital, Athens

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Ioannis Ilias Endocrine Unit, E Venizelou Hospital, Athens

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Irene Mamalis Division of Endocrinology, University Medical School, University Hospital, Rion-Patras, Greece

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Kostas B. Markou Division of Endocrinology, University Medical School, University Hospital, Rion-Patras, Greece

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seem to be at a relatively high risk of deficiency. This is likely due to the fact that iodine requirements during pregnancy are increased at a time in which iodized salt consumption is decreased [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Although the general Greek population is

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Katarzyna Pelewicz Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

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Rafał Wolny Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland

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Tomasz Bednarczuk Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

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Piotr Miśkiewicz Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

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the development of multinodular goiter [ 7 ]. After the cessation of salt iodization in Poland in 1980, mild to moderate iodine deficiency was detected. The prevalence of goiter in adults was assessed as 30% [ 8 ]. Consequently, the voluntary model of

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Ladan Mehran Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Atieh Amouzegar Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Hengameh Abdi Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Negar Delbari Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Elham Madreseh Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Maryam Tohidi Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammad Ali Mansournia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Fereidoun Azizi Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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-monitored salt iodization program in Iran: marked reduction in goiter prevalence and eventual normalization of urinary iodine concentrations without alteration in iodine content of salt . J Endocrinol Invest . 2008 May ; 31 ( 5 ): 422 – 31 . http

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Daniel Rathmann Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Eddy Rijntjes Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Julika Lietzow Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Josef Köhrle Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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initially perfused with a calcium-free Earle's Balanced Salt Solution (Gibco, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, Calif., USA) containing 50 m M EGTA, and subsequently digested with 0.3 mg/ml type II collagenase (Worthington Biochemical Co., Lakewood N.J., USA) in

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Rosália P. Padovani Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Brazil
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rui M.B. Maciel Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Brazil

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Teresa S. Kasamatsu Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil

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Beatriz C.G. Freitas Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil

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Marilia M.S. Marone Department of Nuclear Medicine, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Cleber P. Camacho Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Brazil

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Rosa Paula M. Biscolla Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Brazil

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; consequently, we analyzed 125 patients for determination of the UI after the RID period. The major reason for discontinuation of the diet was difficulty adhering to an RID for a long period of time due to the taste of noniodized salt, as well as difficulty

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Ulrich Schweizer Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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Jörg Johannes Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Dorothea Bayer Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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Doreen Braun Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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. The aminopropionate group is weakly coordinated by two superficial interactions: an H-bond between Asn and the amino group and a salt bridge between the carboxylate and an Arg guanido group. Crystal structures have also been determined for thyroid

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Peter PA Smyth UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

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Colin D O’Dowd Ryan Institute’s Centre for Climate & Air Pollution Studies, School of Physics, University of Galway, Ireland

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). Iodine in the soil is generally associated with organic matter and is not readily soluble. The magnitude of iodine deposition is unlikely to make a significant contribution to populations in which universal salt iodisation (USI) of 20–40 mg prevails ( 10

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Yun Jeong Lee Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Young Hun Choi Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea

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Youn-Hee Lim Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Bung-Nyun Kim Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Johanna Inhyang Kim Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Yun-Chul Hong Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Young Joo Park Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Choong Ho Shin Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Sun Wook Cho Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Young Ah Lee Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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. Guideline: Fortification of Food-grade Salt with Iodine for the Prevention and Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders . Geneva : WHO 2014 . 5 Zimmermann MB Ito Y Hess SY Fujieda K & Molinari L . High thyroid volume in children with excess

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