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Giovanna Rotondo Dottore Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Marenza Leo Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Roberta Ricciardi Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Michelangelo Maestri Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Ilaria Bucci Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Marco Lucchi Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Franca Melfi Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Melania Guida Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Anna De Rosa Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Loredana Petrucci Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Ilaria Ionni Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Giulia Lanzolla Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Francesca Nicolì Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Michele Mantuano Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Debora Ricci Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Francesco Latrofa Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Stefano Mariotti Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy

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Claudio Marcocci Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Michele Marinò Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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behaviour of serum anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAbs) and anti-thyroperoxidase autoantibodies (TPOAbs) in relation to thymectomy over a 48-week follow-up period, with visits at 24 and 48 weeks. The secondary outcome was the relationship between TgAbs

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Line Tang Møllehave Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Nils Knudsen Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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Allan Linneberg Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Inge Bülow Pedersen Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Gitte Ravn-Haren Research Group for Risk Benefit, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

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Anja Lykke Madsen Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Allan Carlé Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Charlotte Cerqueira The Danish Clinical Quality Program – National Clinical Registries (RKKP), Denmark

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Anne Krejbjerg Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Lone Banke Rasmussen Independent researcher, Klemensker, Denmark

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Lars Ovesen Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Hans Perrild Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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Lena Bjergved Sigurd Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Betina Heinsbæk Thuesen Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Pernille Vejbjerg Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Torben Jørgensen Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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both C1a and C1b; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; Tg, thyroglobulin; TPOAb, thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies; TgAb, thyroglobulin autoantibodies; UIC, urinary iodine concentration. The DanThyr studies followed the ethical requirements that

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G. Teckie Divisions of Endocrinology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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S.A. Bhana Divisions of Endocrinology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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J.M.L. Tsitsi Infectious Diseases, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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R. Shires Divisions of Endocrinology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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/l (normal 2.8-7.1). Serum anti-thyroperoxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were negative. Inflammatory markers were elevated with a leukocytosis of 13.7 × 10 9 /l and a C-reactive protein of 179.9 mg/l. CD4 count was 142 cells/µl and viral load, 69

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Chitra Choudhary Department of Endocrinology, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C., USA

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Leonard Wartofsky Department of Endocrinology, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C., USA

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Eshetu Tefera MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, D.C., USA

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Kenneth D. Burman Department of Endocrinology, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C., USA

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Introduction Differentiated thyroid cancer patients are monitored for local or distant recurrence after total thyroidectomy. They typically undergo physical examination, serial measurement of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels, and serial

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Laura Agate Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Francesca Bianchi Unit of Endocrine and Oncological Nuclear Medicine Therapy, Diagnostic and Imaging Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Federica Brozzi Unit of Endocrine and Oncological Nuclear Medicine Therapy, Diagnostic and Imaging Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Pierina Santini Unit of Endocrine and Oncological Nuclear Medicine Therapy, Diagnostic and Imaging Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Eleonora Molinaro Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Valeria Bottici Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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David Viola Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Loredana Lorusso Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Paolo Vitti Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Rossella Elisei Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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ablation of residual normal thyroid tissue, commonly producing thyroglobulin (Tg), makes serum Tg measurements much more sensitive and predictive of recurrent or persistent disease. In recent years, there has been a trend to reduce the use of RRA to limit

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Carolina C.P.S. Janovsky Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rui M.B. Maciel Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Cleber P. Camacho Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rosalia P. Padovani Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Claudia C. Nakabashi Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Ji H. Yang Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Eduardo Z. Malouf Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Elza S. Ikejiri Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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M. Conceição O.C. Mamone Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Jairo Wagner Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Danielle M. Andreoni Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rosa Paula M. Biscolla Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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has additional benefits, such as postdose RRA scanning in postsurgical staging and improving the sensitivity of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) during follow-up [ 4 , 8 ]. However, more recent guidelines recommend a more judicious use of RRA in low

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Tumay Ozgur Departments of Pathology, Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey

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Hasan Gokce Departments of Pathology, Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey

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Ihsan Ustun Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey

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Mehmet Yaldiz Departments of Pathology, Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey

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Mehmet Mustafa Akin Departments of Pathology, Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey

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Cumali Gokce Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey

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.5–6.4 pmol/l), free T 4 12.87 (11.33–22.14 pmol/l), TSH 3.82 (0.63–4.82 mlU/l). Levels of thyroid antibodies consisting of thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) were 600 (5–34 kU/l), and levels of the thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TG) were 180.1 (0–60 kU

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Sara De Vincentis Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy

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Simona Loiacono Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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Eleonora Zanni Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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Roberta Sueri Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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Maria Laura Monzani Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy

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Daniele Santi Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy

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Ilaria Muller Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Department of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

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Francesco Di Marco School of Specialisation in Endocrinology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Erica Crivicich School of Specialisation in Endocrinology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Mirco Armenti School of Specialisation in Endocrinology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Uberto Pagotto Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Care and Prevention Unit, IRCCS Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy

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Lorenzo Tucci Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Care and Prevention Unit, IRCCS Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy

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Carolina Cecchetti Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Care and Prevention Unit, IRCCS Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy

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Tommaso Trenti Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomy Pathology, Azienda USL Modena, Modena, Italy

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Valentina Pecoraro Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomy Pathology, Azienda USL Modena, Modena, Italy

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Giulia Canu Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomy Pathology, Azienda USL Modena, Modena, Italy

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Manuela Simoni Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy

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Giulia Brigante Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy

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, measuring thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb), ESR, high-sensitivity CRP

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Eftychia G. Koukkou Endocrine Unit, E Venizelou Hospital, Athens

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Ioannis Ilias Endocrine Unit, E Venizelou Hospital, Athens

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Irene Mamalis Division of Endocrinology, University Medical School, University Hospital, Rion-Patras, Greece

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Kostas B. Markou Division of Endocrinology, University Medical School, University Hospital, Rion-Patras, Greece

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homeostasis, as expressed by an increased thyrotropin (TSH) production and thyroid gland volume, which may result in the development of goiter [ 2 ]. Thyroglobulin (Tg), a glycoprotein comprising two 330-kDa protein chains synthesized in the thyrocyte, has a

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Bing Han Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chi Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yi Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Ningjian Wang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jie Yu Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jing Cheng Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yingchao Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chunfang Zhu Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yingli Lu Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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correlation of iodine status with thyroid disorder. In cities with more than adequate iodine intake, the prevalence of positive TPOAb and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) as well as overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism was higher than the

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