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Luca Persani Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy

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Georg Brabant Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology Medical Clinic I – University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Mehul Dattani Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom

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Marco Bonomi Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy

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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Eric Fliers Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annette Gruters Department for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

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Dominique Maiter Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, UCL Cliniques Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium

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Nadia Schoenmakers University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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A.S. Paul van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Introduction Central hypothyroidism (CeH) is a disorder characterized by defective thyroid hormone production due to insufficient stimulation by thyrotropin (TSH) of an otherwise normal thyroid gland. This condition is the consequence of

Article Type:
Guideline
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000491388
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 5
Free access
Elena Sabini Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Ilaria Ionni Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Roberto Rocchi Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Paolo Vitti Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Claudio Marcocci Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Michele Marinò Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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What Is Known about This Topic? Graves’ orbitopathy is believed to be the consequence of autoimmunity against antigens present both in the thyroid and in orbital tissues. Massive release of thyroid antigens causes the appearance or

Article Type:
Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000479629
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 1
Free access
Colin M. Dayan Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK

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Vijay Panicker Department of Endocrinology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, W.A., Australia

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this association was first derived are the similarity of symptoms in severely depressed and hypothyroid patients, the therapeutic use of thyroid hormones in the management of depression and the apparent abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000353777
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 3
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L.C. Cardoso-Weide Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil

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R.C. Cardoso-Penha Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, IBCCF, Brazil

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M.W. Costa Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia

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A.C.F. Ferreira NUMPEX, Polo de Xerém, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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D.P. Carvalho Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, IBCCF, Brazil

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P.S. Santisteban Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Spanish Council of Research-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

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Introduction The production of H 2 O 2 , which is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, involves NADPH oxidase enzymes, namely dual oxidases 1 and 2 (DuOx1 and DuOx2) [ 1 ]. They are first detected at embryonic day 15.5 in mice thyroid when

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000379749
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 1
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Sandra M. McLachlan Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Holly A. Aliesky Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Priscilla Garcia Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Bianca Banuelos Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Basil Rapoport Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Introduction Thyroid hemiagenesis, comprising the absence of one thyroid lobe, is a rare congenital condition in humans. This condition is usually not manifested clinically and it is detected by ultrasound screening of the neck [ 1 ]. The

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000490700
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 4
Free access
Giovanni de Gennaro Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Paolo Vitti Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Michele Marinò Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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What Is Known about This Topic? Oculocutaneous albinism is a heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder characterized by reduced or absent melanin synthesis. To our knowledge, the coexistence of albinism and autoimmune thyroid diseases has

Article Type:
Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000493730
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 1
Free access
Gilles Russ Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors, Institute of Endocrinology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France

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Steen J. Bonnema Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Murat Faik Erdogan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Ankara School of Medicine, İbni Sina Hastanesi, Ankara, Turkey

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Cosimo Durante Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Rose Ngu Head Neck and Thyroid Imaging, Department of Radiology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

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Laurence Leenhardt Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors, Institute of Endocrinology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France

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Background and Objectives Purpose of Thyroid Nodule Risk Stratification The majority of thyroid nodules are incidental findings of asymptomatic, benign lesions discovered by imaging examinations for reasons unrelated to the thyroid [ 1

Article Type:
Guideline
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000478927
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 5
Free access
Stine Linding Andersen Departments of Endocrinology, Aalborg, Denmark
Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Peter Laurberg Departments of Endocrinology, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Introduction Iodine is required for thyroid hormone synthesis, and adequate production of thyroid hormones is essential for brain development [ 1 ]. In many populations the content of iodine in the diet tends to be below the recommended amount

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000444254
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 1
Free access
Salvatore Benvenga Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Italy
Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina School of Medicine, Italy
Interdepartmental Program of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy

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Roberto Vita Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Italy

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Flavia Di Bari Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Italy

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Poupak Fallahi Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Alessandro Antonelli Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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-bound thyroid hormones. What Does This Case Report Add? • This case report provides detailed information on 2 cases of augmented L -thyroxine replacement because of nephrotic syndrome. In both cases, symptoms were initially supposed to be due to

Article Type:
Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000381310
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 2
Free access
Elena Sabini Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Marenza Leo Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Barbara Mazzi Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Roberto Rocchi Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Francesco Latrofa Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Marco Nardi Ophthalmopathy Unit I, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Paolo Vitti Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Claudio Marcocci Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Michele Marinò Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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clinician and the subjective point of view of the patient were considered. Our results suggest that GO is in fact a chronic disease that disappears only in a minority of patients, regardless of thyroid and eye treatments. Subjects and Methods Study

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000477803
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 5
Free access