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Meenu Gill Department of Pathology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak

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Ashima Batra Department of Pathology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak

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Ashok Sangwaiya Department of Pathology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak

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Samta Shakya General Hospital, Sirsa, India

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Sumiti Gupta Department of Pathology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak

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Rajeev Sen Department of Pathology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak

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ultrasonography revealed that bilateral thyroid lobes and isthmus were bulky. Normal parenchyma was replaced by heteroechoic areas and vascularity was increased. Retrosternal extension of the mass was also evident. Cytological examination of thyroid and left

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Mathieu Bergeron Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Laval University, Quebec, Que., Canada

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Danielle Beaudoin Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Quebec, Que., Canada

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What Is Known about This Topic So Far? • Although many authors recommend a core-needle biopsy as an alternative modality in cases of inconclusive cytology with fine-needle aspiration for thyroid nodule, it is not in the American Thyroid

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Pi-Ling Chiang Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan

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Sheng-Dean Luo Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Yen-Hsiang Chang Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Chen-Kai Chou Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Shun-Yu Chi Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Departments of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Yi-Fan Chen Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan

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Wei-Che Lin Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Department of Radiology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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practice, thyroid nodules are being discovered with increasing frequency. Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most accurate test for determining malignancy and is an integral part of current thyroid nodule evaluation procedures ( 2

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F. Cecoli Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa University, and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Genoa

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E.M. Ceresola Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa University, and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Genoa

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V. Altrinetti Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Galliera Hospital, Genoa

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M. Cabria Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Galliera Hospital, Genoa

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M. Cappagli Endocrine Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, La Spezia

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A. Montepagani Endocrine Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, La Spezia

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C.M. Cuttica Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Galliera Hospital, Genoa

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U. Filippi Evangelico Internazionale Hospital, Genoa

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D. Saverino Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa University, and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Genoa

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M. Raffa Endocrine-Metabolic Center, ASL 1, Imperia, Italy

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M. Caputo Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa University, and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Genoa

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F. Minuto Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa University, and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Genoa

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M. Giusti Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa University, and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Genoa

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M. Bagnasco Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa University, and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Genoa

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surgery. However, the widespread use of ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) markedly increased the rate of preoperative diagnosis [ 7 ]. It is still debated if preoperatively and incidentally diagnosed MPTC have different prognoses

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Chitra Choudhary Department of Endocrinology, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C., USA

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Leonard Wartofsky Department of Endocrinology, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C., USA

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Eshetu Tefera MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, D.C., USA

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Kenneth D. Burman Department of Endocrinology, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C., USA

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sonographic findings, and fine-needle aspiration cytology is sometimes indicated to determine the histology [ 5 ]. Sonographic findings and Tg levels can help in identifying high-risk patients for whom fine-needle aspiration cytology will be definitely

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Taha Yusuf Kuzan Department of Radiology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

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Ceren Canbey Goret Department of Surgical Pathology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

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cytotechnologist, preparation methods of cytology, etc. [ 5 ]. To reduce the risk of inadequate samples in the thyroid FNAB, the American National Cancer Institute recommends 2–5 needle entries using a 22G to 27G needle and that centers have an effective

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Julia A Baran Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Mya Bojarsky Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Stephen Halada Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Julio C Ricarte-Filho Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Amber Isaza Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Aime T Franco Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Lea F Surrey Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Tricia Bhatti Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Zubair Baloch Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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N Scott Adzick Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Sogol Mostoufi-Moab Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Ken Kazahaya Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Andrew J Bauer Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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) between July 2003 and July 2022. Patient demographics, medical history, thyroid US, cytology, surgical approach, pathologic features, diagnosis, and postoperative somatic oncogene findings were extracted from the hospital electronic medical record system

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Johannes Järhult Department of Surgery, Highland Hospital, Eksjö, Sweden
Department of Surgery, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden

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Ramtin Vedad Department of Surgery, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden

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-thyroidal indications. After clinical examination, ultrasound and fine-needle cytology, those with suspicions of malignancy and/or with clear local symptoms will subsequently be candidates for surgery whereas the indications for operative treatment are relative in those

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Giorgio Grani Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Livia Lamartina Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Valeria Ramundo Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Rosa Falcone Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Cristiano Lomonaco Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Laura Ciotti Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Martina Barone Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Marianna Maranghi Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Vito Cantisani Diagnostic and Ultrasound Innovations Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Sebastiano Filetti Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Cosimo Durante Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Introduction Currently available sonographic risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules were developed to more accurately identify those for which fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can safely be deferred [ 1 - 5 ]. The likelihood

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Pedro Weslley Souza Rosario Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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Gabriela Franco Mourão Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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Pedro Henrique Lopes Oliveira Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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Tulio Henrique Silva Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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of progression and complications (if tumor growth occurs) is low. The criteria usually recommended are the following: (i) adult individual, (ii) tumor ≤1 cm and not adjacent to the trachea or recurrent laryngeal nerve, (iii) cytology non-suggestive of

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