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Barbara A. Demeneix CNRS/UMR7221, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle/Université Paris-Sorbonne, Paris, France

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Introduction Gabriella Morreale de Escobar was one of the earliest researchers to formulate the concept that low levels of maternal thyroid hormone (TH) during early pregnancy could have adverse effects on the child’s brain development [ 1

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Sylvie Hiéronimus Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Medicine

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Patricia Ferrari Departments of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Nice

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Jocelyn Gal Department of Biostatistics, University of Nice

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Frédéric Berthier Department of Biostatistics, University of Nice

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Stéphane Azoulay Institute of Chemistry, UMR 6001, University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis

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André Bongain Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Nice

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Patrick Fénichel Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Medicine
Institut National de la Recherche Médicale, UMR U895, University Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France

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Françoise Brucker-Davis Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Medicine
Institut National de la Recherche Médicale, UMR U895, University Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France

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[ 6 , 7 ]. Despite WHO recommendations for universal iodine prophylaxis in pregnancy, this is not endorsed by the health authorities in France, an area of mild ID or borderline iodine status [ 8 ], where prescription of supplementation is left to the

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R. Burns UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin

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C. O'Herlihy UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin
National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

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P.P.A. Smyth UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin

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compartment by PDS. More recent reports have demonstrated that NIS expression was present in early pregnancy and remained relatively constant throughout gestation [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. A postulated mechanism for iodide transport was tested in the BeWo cell line [ 9

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Allan Carlé Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Nils Knudsen Department of Endocrinology I, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Torben Jørgensen Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Bettina Thuesen Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jesper Karmisholt Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stine Linding Andersen Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Inge Bülow Pedersen Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Introduction Hyperthyroidism is a common disease affecting women more often than men [ 1 ]. As first described by Parker et al. in 1961 [ 2 ], pregnancy is accompanied by a fall in thyroid antibody concentrations. Most [ 3 , 4 ], but not all

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Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, ‘V. Fazzi' Hospital, Lecce

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Roberto Attanasio Endocrinology Service, Galeazzi Institute IRCCS, Milan

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Franco Grimaldi Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ‘S. Maria della Misericordia', Udine

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Rinaldo Guglielmi Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy

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Enrico Papini Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy

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, including a patient with associated Graves' orbitopathy (GO) and a patient anticipating pregnancy over the next 6-12 months. The survey was constructed by using LimeSurvey, an open access platform that provides many different question templates. The

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Selwan Khamisi Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Peter Lindgren Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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F. Anders Karlsson Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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give a detailed report of a case of dyshormonogenetic fetal goiter and discuss the management and effects of treatment. Case Report A routine ultrasound examination performed at a maternity clinic in the second trimester of pregnancy

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Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, ‘V. Fazzi' Hospital, Lecce

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Roberto Attanasio Endocrinology Service, Galeazzi Institute IRCCS, Milan

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Franco Grimaldi Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ‘S. Maria della Misericordia', Udine

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Claudio Marcocci Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa

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Rinaldo Guglielmi Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy

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Enrico Papini Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy

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). Fig. 3 Use of Se in hypothyroidism. Chronic AIT and Pregnancy (Euthyroid) In patients with AIT who are planning pregnancy or are already pregnant, ∼40% of the respondents suggest Se use, 52% do not use Se (p < 0.01), and 8.0% did

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Constance Xhaard U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Juan J. Lence-Anta National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Yan Ren U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Françoise Borson-Chazot Groupement Hospitalier Lyon-Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Bron
Rhône-Alpes Thyroid Cancer Registry, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286), RTH Laennec Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Lyon

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Geneviève Sassolas Rhône-Alpes Thyroid Cancer Registry, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286), RTH Laennec Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Lyon

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Claire Schvartz Thyroid Cancer Registry of Champagne-Ardennes, Institut Jean Godinot, Reims

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Marc Colonna Cancer Registry of Isère, Meylan

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Brigitte Lacour Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
French National Registry of Childhood Solid Tumours, CHU, Nancy

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Arlette Danzon Cancer Registry of Doubs, EA 3181, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon

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Michel Velten Cancer Registry of Bas-Rhin, EA 3430, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg

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Enora Clero U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Stéphane Maillard U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Emilie Marrer Cancer Registry of Haut-Rhin, Mulhouse Hospital, Mulhouse

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Laurent Bailly Public Health Department, University Hospital Nice, Nice

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Eugènia Mariné Barjoan Public Health Department, University Hospital Nice, Nice

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Martin Schlumberger Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

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Jacques Orgiazzi Department of Endocrinology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France

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Elisabeth Adjadj U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Celia M. Pereda National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Silvia Turcios National Institute of Endocrinology, Cuba

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Milagros Velasco National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Mae Chappe National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Idalmis Infante National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Marlene Bustillo National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Anabel García National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Sirced Salazar National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Regla Rodriguez Cuban Public Health Ministry, Havana, Cuba

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Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Rosa M. Ortiz National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Carole Rubino U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Florent de Vathaire U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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, N.C., USA). Analyses were stratified by 5-year age class, area of residence or country, and gender and were adjusted for ethnic group, level of education, number of pregnancies for women, height (3 tertiles for each gender and study), BMI (3

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Peter P.A. Smyth School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

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neuropsychological development [ 2 ]. Thus, maternal iodine intake is necessary for both mother and baby to thrive, and even mild iodine deficiency can lead to lower cognitive development [ 3 ]. The increased iodine requirement in pregnancy has led the WHO to

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Maja Hjelm Lundgaard Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Allan Carlé Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Ulla Birgitte Christiansen Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Anne Sørensen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Søren Risom Kristensen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stine Linding Andersen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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diagnostic clue for the assessment of thyroid function in this patient came across because unexplained prolonged APTT was identified during the testing for thrombophilia after severe pregnancy complications. Case presentation A 32-year-old woman was

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