Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Introduction The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer is rising significantly, but it is not accompanied by a proportional increase in mortality [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. This phenomenon is mainly due to the early diagnosis of small tumors
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Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil
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Introduction Epidemiological studies show that thyroid nodules are palpable in approximately 5% of women and 1% of men living in iodine-sufficient areas [ 1 - 3 ]. Using thyroid ultrasonography (US), this prevalence increases to 19–67%, with a
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Introduction Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine cancer, accounting for approximately 90% of the thyroid gland malignancies [ 1 ]. DTC prevalence has risen in the last decades, mainly due to the papillary subtype
INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Caen University, Caen, France
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thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology, enabling malignancy in 18 FCH-negative nodules to be reliably excluded ( 3 ). Some cases of increased and diffuse 18 FCH uptake in the thyroid gland have been described in the imaging workup of patients with
College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Introduction Patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) generally have a good prognosis, even in cases of stage IV disease. The 10-year disease-specific survival rate is 82.6%, which is longer than that among patients with other
Project Chernobyl, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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Clinic and Polyclinic of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Introduction During the last 30 years, the incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has steadily increased worldwide, most markedly in France, Italy, the Republic of Korea, Australia, and the USA [ 1 - 8 ]. In the USA, DTC incidence is
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Introduction Thyroid dysfunction (TD) is a common side effect of many treatments acting with different mechanisms, including but not limited to interferon alpha [ 1 ], interleukin-2 [ 2 ], thalidomide [ 3 ], amiodarone [ 4 ], radiation therapy
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Epidemiology and Pathogenesis Hyperthyroidism occurs due to an inappropriately high synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone (TH) by the thyroid [ 1 ]. TH increases tissue thermogenesis and the basal metabolic rate, and reduces serum
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Departments of Biopathology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
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Introduction Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of thyroid nodules is considered as the key tool to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors [ 1 ]. However, FNA cytology is classified as indeterminate in approximately 20–30% of
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Medical Education Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
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Department of Pharmacology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
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What Is Known about This Topic? • Hyperfunctioning thyroid carcinoma is rare, and its molecular etiology is not clear. • To the best of our knowledge, there is no reported case of hyperfunctioning thyroid carcinoma with a BRAF mutation (a