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Stan R Ursem Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Eveline Bruinstroop Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Petra J M Elders Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands

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Jacobijn Gussekloo LUMC Center for Medicine for Older People, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Rosalinde K E Poortvliet LUMC Center for Medicine for Older People, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Annemieke C Heijboer Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Wendy P J den Elzen Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Laboratory Specialized Diagnostics & Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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conducted a systematic search in PubMed and Embase. In addition, we searched the following websites and guideline-specific databases: Guidelines International Network (G-I-N; http://g-i-n.net ), Trip database ( http://www.tripdatabase.com ), and Clinical

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Graham R. Williams Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Availability fT4 and fT3 enter peripheral target cells via specific cell membrane transporter proteins with differing patterns of tissue distribution. Several thyroid hormone transporters have been identified, including the monocarboxylate transporters 8 and

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Laura Tosatto Human Technopole, Milano, Italy

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Francesca Coscia Human Technopole, Milano, Italy

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cognate receptor TSHR at the basolateral membrane, iodide is uptaken through the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and the expression of several thyroid-specific genes is activated, including Tg. Iodide is likely transported from the cytosol to the lumen by

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Stine Linding Andersen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Niels Henrik Bruun Unit of Clinical Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Peter Astrup Christensen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Simon Lykkeboe Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Aase Handberg Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Annebirthe Bo Hansen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Maja Hjelm Lundgaard Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Louise Knøsgaard Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Nanna Maria Uldall Torp Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Allan Carlé Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Jesper Karmisholt Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Inge Bülow Pedersen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Peter Vestergaard Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stig Andersen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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evaluation of maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy is challenged by the physiological alterations in thyroid function and binding proteins associated with the pregnant state ( 7 ). Thus, pregnancy- and method-specific reference ranges are needed for

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Marta Amaro da Silveira Duval Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

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André Borsatto Zanella Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

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Ana Patrícia Cristo Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

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Carlo Sasso Faccin Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

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Marcia Silva Graudenz Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

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Ana Luiza Maia Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

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= 0.57). Cutoff Value of FNA-Tg Using a ROC curve to analyze the best cutoff point for FNA-Tg, the value 4.41 ng/mL obtained a sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 96%, area under the curve 0,984 (95% CI 0,958–1,0; Fig.  2 ). In all patients

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Riccardo Donzelli Departments of Pathology, University of Pisa

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Daria Colligiani Departments of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa

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Claudia Kusmic Departments of CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy

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Martina Sabatini Departments of Pathology, University of Pisa

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Leonardo Lorenzini Departments of Pathology, University of Pisa

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Alice Accorroni Departments of Pathology, University of Pisa
Departments of Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

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Monica Nannipieri Departments of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa

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Alessandro Saba Departments of Pathology, University of Pisa

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Giorgio Iervasi Departments of CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy

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Riccardo Zucchi Departments of Pathology, University of Pisa

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complex, its final yield is uncertain, and cross-reactivity might occur. Mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been proposed as a highly specific and sensitive technique to assay TH. MS-based techniques have

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Lise Husted Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark

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Sidsel Rødgaard-Hansen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark

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Maja Hjelm Lundgaard Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Nanna Maria Uldall Torp Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stine Linding Andersen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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shows considerable dynamics within the first trimester of a pregnancy which necessitates the use of pregnancy-specific reference intervals in the assessment of maternal thyroid function ( 3 ). In the kidney, an increase in renal plasma flow and the

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Tomohiro Kikuchi Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo–ku, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

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Shouhei Hanaoka Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo–ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Takahiro Nakao Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo–ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Yukihiro Nomura Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo–ku, Tokyo, Japan
Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoicho, Inage–ku, Chiba, Japan

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Takeharu Yoshikawa Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo–ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Ashraful Alam Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo–ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Harushi Mori Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

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Naoto Hayashi Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo–ku, Tokyo, Japan

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SUVs on a large scale for normal thyroid function and to examine the utility of SUVs in detecting thyroid function. Semantic segmentation assigns each pixel in images to a specific class and can provide a map of specific structures, such as organs and

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Haruhiko Yamazaki Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Kiminori Sugino Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Ryohei Katoh Department of Pathology, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Kenichi Matsuzu Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Wataru Kitagawa Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Mitsuji Nagahama Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Aya Saito Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan

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Koichi Ito Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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improve overall and disease-specific survival, reduce the risk of persistent/recurrent disease and associated morbidity, and permit accurate disease staging and risk stratification while minimizing treatment-related morbidity and unnecessary therapy ( 4

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Beatrice Engelmann Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Germany

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Julia Bischof Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Germany

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Anne-Luise Dirk Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology, Med Clinic I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Nele Friedrich Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Germany

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Elke Hammer Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Germany

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Thomas Thiele Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Dagmar Führer Clinic for Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, University Clinics Essen, Essen, Germany

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Georg Homuth Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Germany

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Georg Brabant Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology, Med Clinic I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Uwe Völker Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Germany

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are shown as means ± SD. Horizontal lines indicate the maximum value of the reference interval for the specific TH (minimum value for TSH, respectively). Proteomic Profiling of Plasma Proteins Mass spectrometric analysis of all 80

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