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Mario Rotondi Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., ISPESL Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors and Chair of Endocrinology, University of Pavia, Pavia

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Maria Grazia Castagna Departments of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Siena

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Carlo Cappelli Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

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Cristina Ciuoli Departments of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Siena

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Francesca Coperchini Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., ISPESL Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors and Chair of Endocrinology, University of Pavia, Pavia

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Francesco Chiofalo Departments of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Siena

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Fabio Maino Departments of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Siena

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Paola Palmitesta Departments of Social, Political and Cognitive Sciences, University of Siena, Siena

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Luca Chiovato Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., ISPESL Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors and Chair of Endocrinology, University of Pavia, Pavia

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Furio Pacini Departments of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Siena

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Introduction An increased incidence of thyroid cancer has been reported in many countries, including the USA and some countries in Europe [ 1 ]. This trend may be partially attributable to medical surveillance or environmental factors and

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Thomas Szabo Yamashita Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Fady J. Baky Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Travis J. McKenzie Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Geoffrey B. Thompson Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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David R. Farley Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Melanie L. Lyden Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Benzon M. Dy Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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, it remains rare with an estimated incidence of 1 in 200,000–250,000 [ 1 , 2 ]. As such, pro­viders can be unfamiliar with these patients and the sur­gical management of the disease. Features of Cowden syndrome are benign and malignant mucocutaneous

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Shigenobu Nagataki Nagasaki University, Ito Hospital, and Radiation Effects Association, Tokyo, Japan

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expected prevalence calculated as a cumulative incidence via a life-table method using thyroid cancer incidence rates from 2001-2010 was 5.2, giving an observed/expected ratio of 30.8 [ 7 ]. Interim Reports from Prefectural and National Committees in

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Sébastien Verdickt Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Falco Van Nes Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Carolien Moyson Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Toon Maes Department of Endocrinology, Imeldaziekenhuis Bonheiden, Bonheiden, Belgium

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Paul Van Crombrugge Department of Endocrinology, OLV Ziekenhuis Aalst-Asse-Ninove, Aalst, Belgium

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Annick Van den Bruel Department of Endocrinology, AZ Sint Jan Brugge, Brugge, Belgium

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Brigitte Decallonne Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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not been well studied as a predictive factor for thyroid functional outcome. In this study, we hypothesize that a positive TPO Ab status prior to the first administration of RAI in patients with Graves’ disease increases the incidence of post RAI

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Irini S. Hadjisavva Economides Nicosia Endocrinology Center, Nicosia, Cyprus

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Roberto Dina Department of Cellular Pathology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, UK

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Michael A. Talias Healthcare Management Postgraduate Program, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus

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Panayiotis A. Economides Economides Nicosia Endocrinology Center, Nicosia, Cyprus

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Introduction Thyroid nodules are extremely common with a prevalence of about 20-76% of the adult population based on detection by ultrasonography [ 1 ]. Thyroid cancer is rare; however, in the past few decades its incidence has significantly

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Peter Laurberg Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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are associated with much variation in incidence of Graves' disease, but they affect inflammatory bowel disease much less [ 14 ]. Accordingly, the way forward is to organize prospective controlled studies of new immune modulating drugs in GO, and not

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Mafalda Marcelino Department of Endocrinology, Armed Forces University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Lisbon, Portugal

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Pedro Marques Department of Endocrinology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Lisbon, Portugal

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Luis Lopes Department of Endocrinology, Armed Forces University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal

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Valeriano Leite Department of Endocrinology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Lisbon, Portugal

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João Jácome de Castro Department of Endocrinology, Armed Forces University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal

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seen as a protective condition for thyroid cancer, and a relationship between low serum TSH levels and a lower incidence of papillary carcinoma has been suggested [ 6 , 7 ]. However, a recent meta-analysis could not confirm this association [ 8

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Haggi Mazeh Department of Surgery, Jerusalem, Israel

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Amir Orlev Department of Surgery, Jerusalem, Israel

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Ido Mizrahi Department of Surgery, Jerusalem, Israel

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David J. Gross Endocrinology and Metabolism Service Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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Herbert R. Freund Department of Surgery, Jerusalem, Israel

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signal transduction), and a translocation in PPARγ1 (tumor suppressor gene). However, the incidence of these mutations has been estimated to be lower than both PTC and MTC [ 8 ]. To date, there is no known common mutation involved in the pathogenesis

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Bengt Hallengren Departments of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

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Tereza Planck Departments of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

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Peter Åsman Departments of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

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Mikael Lantz Departments of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

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rather uncommon inflammatory disorder of the thyroid and only a few incidence studies are available. Of 160 patients studied in the period 1960-1997 at the Mayo Clinic, an age- and sex-adjusted incidence of 4.9 cases of SAT/100,000/year was noted [ 1

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Juan Bernal
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Maria Jesús Obregon
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Pilar S. Santisteban
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incidence of goiter in the Alpujarras, a mountainous region near Granada. This was the start of a brilliant and influential scientific career together with her husband Prof. Francisco Escobar del Rey, who died in December 2015. They spent a postdoctoral stay

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