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Yuichiro Iwamoto Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan

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Takatoshi Anno Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan

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Katsumasa Koyama Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan

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Yusuke Ota Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan

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Kazutaka Nakashima Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan

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Yasumasa Monobe Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan

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Hideaki Kaneto Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan

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Niro Okimoto Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan

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Koichi Tomoda Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan

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. References 1 Cho JK , Woo SH , Park J , Kim MJ , Jeong HS . Primary squamous cell carcinomas in the thyroid gland: an individual participant data meta-analysis . Cancer Med . 2014 ; 3 ( 5 ): 1396 – 403 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cam4

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Nicholas Hope Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK

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Andrew Kelly Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK

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Introduction Thyrotoxicosis is a relatively common endocrine disease with an annual incidence of approximately 1 in 2,000 in Europe [ 1 ]. The most common cause of an overactive thyroid gland is the autoimmune condition Graves' disease

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Julia Müller Leibniz Institute for Age Research/Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany

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Heike Heuer Leibniz Institute for Age Research/Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany

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(pituitary, thyroid, liver, kidneys), respectively. a In mice, Mct8 is highly expressed in the PVN of the hypothalamus, in the anterior as well as in the posterior pituitary and in follicular epithelial cells of the thyroid gland. Absence of Mct8 results in

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Muhammed Erkam Sencar Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Davut Sakiz Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Murat Calapkulu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Sema Hepsen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Muhammed Kizilgul Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Ilknur Unsal Ozturk Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Bekir Ucan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Murat Bayram Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Busra Betul Cagir Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Safak Akin Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Mustafa Ozbek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Erman Cakal Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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compartments of the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, brain, lung, heart, kidney, and thyroid [ 7 - 11 ]. Although GLP-1 analogues have very beneficial effects in the treatment of DM, investigation of GLP-1 receptors in the rat and human thyroid gland has shown

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Abbas Al-Kurd Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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David J. Gross Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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David Zangen Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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Karine Atlan Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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Haggi Mazeh Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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thyroid gland weighed 3.1 g, with the right lobe measuring 2.2 × 1.3 × 1.6 cm, the left lobe 2.3 × 0.7 × 0.8 cm, and the isthmus 2.0 × 0.6 × 0.5 cm. Macroscopically, a 0.2 × 0.2 × 0.2 cm intracapsular nodule was demonstrated in the left lobe. No other

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Giovanni de Gennaro Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Paolo Vitti Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Michele Marinò Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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, and an enlarged thyroid gland of increased consistency and irregular surface. Laboratory data revealed a subclinical hypothyroidism, with a serum TSH concentration of 5.88 μIU/mL (normal range 0.4–4 μIU/mL), an FT3 of 4.08 pg/mL (normal range 2

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Joanna Szumska Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany

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Maria Qatato Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany

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Maren Rehders Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany

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Dagmar Führer Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Heike Biebermann Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany

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David K. Grandy Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine and the Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oreg., USA

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Josef Köhrle Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Klaudia Brix Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany

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1 agonist in vitro [ 7 , 10 , 12 ]. In contrast to a major interest in the action of thyronamines on peripheral TH target organs [for reviews see [ 10 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], the action of T 1 AM on the thyroid gland itself has received little attention

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Giorgio Radetti Marienklinik, Bolzano, Italy

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Franco Rigon Department of Paediatrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Alessandro Salvatoni Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Irene Campi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Tiziana De Filippis Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Valentina Cirello Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Silvia Longhi Department of Paediatrics, Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy

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Fabiana Guizzardi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Marco Bonomi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Luca Persani Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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eutopic thyroid gland ( 1 ). The concomitant occurrence of CH and resistance to thyroid hormone syndrome type β (RTHβ) are exceptional, since only five patients have been described so far, and only in four patients, a mutation in the THRB gene has been

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L.A. Jonker Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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C.A. Lebbink Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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M.C.J. Jongmans Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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R.A.J. Nievelstein Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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J.H.M. Merks Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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E.J.M. Nieveen van Dijkum Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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T.P. Links Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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N. Hoogerbrugge Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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A.S.P. van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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H.M. van Santen Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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neoplasms, including carcinomas of the breast, thyroid gland, endometrium, colon, and kidney [ 2 ]. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is one of the common cancer types in patients with PHTS, with a lifetime risk of 35–38% [ 2 ]. This increased risk is

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Ilaria Muller Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy

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Anita Daturi Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy

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Matteo Varallo Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy

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Tiziana E Re Internal Medicine - High Intensity of Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

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Davide Dazzi Casa di Cura Val Parma SRL, Langhirano (Parmigiano: Langhiràn), Italy

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Sara Maioli Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy

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Erica Crivicich Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy

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Francesco Di Marco Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy

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Virgilio Longari Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

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Beatrice Dazzi Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

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Massimo Castellani Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

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Giovanna Mantovani Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy

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Maura Arosio Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy

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Mario Salvi Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

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( 5 , 6 ). Thus, a direct infection and damage of the thyroid gland is a plausible mechanism of thyroid dysfunction induced by SARS-CoV-2, also supported by the autoptic findings of SARS-CoV-2 genome ( 7 ) and proteins ( 8 ) expression within thyroid

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