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Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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. References 1 Cho JK , Woo SH , Park J , Kim MJ , Jeong HS . Primary squamous cell carcinomas in the thyroid gland: an individual participant data meta-analysis . Cancer Med . 2014 ; 3 ( 5 ): 1396 – 403 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cam4
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Introduction Thyrotoxicosis is a relatively common endocrine disease with an annual incidence of approximately 1 in 2,000 in Europe [ 1 ]. The most common cause of an overactive thyroid gland is the autoimmune condition Graves' disease
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(pituitary, thyroid, liver, kidneys), respectively. a In mice, Mct8 is highly expressed in the PVN of the hypothalamus, in the anterior as well as in the posterior pituitary and in follicular epithelial cells of the thyroid gland. Absence of Mct8 results in
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compartments of the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, brain, lung, heart, kidney, and thyroid [ 7 - 11 ]. Although GLP-1 analogues have very beneficial effects in the treatment of DM, investigation of GLP-1 receptors in the rat and human thyroid gland has shown
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thyroid gland weighed 3.1 g, with the right lobe measuring 2.2 × 1.3 × 1.6 cm, the left lobe 2.3 × 0.7 × 0.8 cm, and the isthmus 2.0 × 0.6 × 0.5 cm. Macroscopically, a 0.2 × 0.2 × 0.2 cm intracapsular nodule was demonstrated in the left lobe. No other
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, and an enlarged thyroid gland of increased consistency and irregular surface. Laboratory data revealed a subclinical hypothyroidism, with a serum TSH concentration of 5.88 μIU/mL (normal range 0.4–4 μIU/mL), an FT3 of 4.08 pg/mL (normal range 2
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1 agonist in vitro [ 7 , 10 , 12 ]. In contrast to a major interest in the action of thyronamines on peripheral TH target organs [for reviews see [ 10 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], the action of T 1 AM on the thyroid gland itself has received little attention
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Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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eutopic thyroid gland ( 1 ). The concomitant occurrence of CH and resistance to thyroid hormone syndrome type β (RTHβ) are exceptional, since only five patients have been described so far, and only in four patients, a mutation in the THRB gene has been
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Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatric Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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neoplasms, including carcinomas of the breast, thyroid gland, endometrium, colon, and kidney [ 2 ]. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is one of the common cancer types in patients with PHTS, with a lifetime risk of 35–38% [ 2 ]. This increased risk is
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
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( 5 , 6 ). Thus, a direct infection and damage of the thyroid gland is a plausible mechanism of thyroid dysfunction induced by SARS-CoV-2, also supported by the autoptic findings of SARS-CoV-2 genome ( 7 ) and proteins ( 8 ) expression within thyroid