Rony Ruben
Rony Ruben
Department of Endocrinology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India
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Praveen V. Pavithran
Praveen V. Pavithran
Department of Endocrinology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India
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V. Usha Menon
V. Usha Menon
Department of Endocrinology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India
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Vasantha Nair
Vasantha Nair
Department of Endocrinology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India
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Harish Kumar
Harish Kumar
Department of Endocrinology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India
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necessary to predict the risk of persistence or recurrence of disease after initial therapy seen in about 12–29% [ 3 , 4 ]. In 1996, the American Thyroid Association (ATA) published treatment guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and DTC [ 5
Jiahui Wu
Jiahui Wu
Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Xunyang Hu
Xunyang Hu
Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Paula Seal
Paula Seal
EFW Radiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Parthiv Amin
Parthiv Amin
Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Brendan Diederichs
Brendan Diederichs
Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Mayfair Radiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Mayfair Radiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Ralf Paschke
Ralf Paschke
Section of Endocrinology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Departments of Medicine, Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Departments of Medicine, Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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. IRG implemented a predetermined list of terms in a dropdown menu and required fields for each nodule characteristic and the malignancy risk classification. The purpose of these changes was to standardize and accelerate the reporting process in
Nicholas S. Andresen
Nicholas S. Andresen
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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John M. Buatti
John M. Buatti
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Hamed H. Tewfik
Hamed H. Tewfik
Iowa City Cancer Treatment Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Nitin A. Pagedar
Nitin A. Pagedar
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Carryn M. Anderson
Carryn M. Anderson
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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John M. Watkins
John M. Watkins
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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by dose level The long-term toxicities of RAI include secondary primary malignancy (SPM) [ 51 - 57 ], sialoadenitis [ 58 ], nasolacrimal duct obstruction [ 59 ], and infertility [ 60 ]. The increased risk of primary malignancy in thyroid
Jan Jiskra
Jan Jiskra
3rd Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jiří Horáček
Jiří Horáček
4th Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Sylvie Špitálníková
Sylvie Špitálníková
Department of Nuclear Medicine, District Hospital, Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic
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Jan Paleček
Jan Paleček
3rd Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zdeňka Límanová
Zdeňka Límanová
3rd Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jan Krátký
Jan Krátký
3rd Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Drahomíra Springer
Drahomíra Springer
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kristýna Žabková
Kristýna Žabková
3rd Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Hana Vítková
Hana Vítková
3rd Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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ultrasound malignancy risk stratification of thyroid nodules in adults: the EU-TIRADS . European Thyroid Journal 2017 6 225 – 237 . ( https://doi.org/10.1159/000478927 ) 15 Haugen BR Alexander EK Bible KC Doherty GM Mandel SJ Nikiforov YE
Samuel Chan
Samuel Chan
Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery, St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Katarina Karamali
Katarina Karamali
Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery, St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Anna Kolodziejczyk
Anna Kolodziejczyk
Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery, St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Georgios Oikonomou
Georgios Oikonomou
Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery, St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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John Watkinson
John Watkinson
Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery, GOSH, London, United Kingdom
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Vinidh Paleri
Vinidh Paleri
The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Iain Nixon
Iain Nixon
Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery, NHS Lothian, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Dae Kim
Dae Kim
Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery, St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Introduction The incidence of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is increasing faster than any other malignancies and estimated to increase by 30% by 2022 [ 1 ]. Most new cases are less than 4-cm tumours (T1–2), often diagnosed early due
Dorinda Mullen
Dorinda Mullen
Department of Pathology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Sarah Mullins
Sarah Mullins
Department of Pathology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Aoife Doyle
Aoife Doyle
Department of Pathology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Rachel K. Crowley
Rachel K. Crowley
Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Stephen Skehan
Stephen Skehan
Department of Radiology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Enda W. McDermott
Enda W. McDermott
Department of Surgery, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Ruth S. Prichard
Ruth S. Prichard
Department of Surgery, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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David Gibbons
David Gibbons
Department of Pathology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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categories, and so it is not possible to classify with confidence whether a lesion is benign, suspicious for malignancy, or malignant. The clinical management of these lesions is very difficult due to this undetermined risk of malignancy. The introduction
Mafalda Marcelino
Mafalda Marcelino
Department of Endocrinology, Armed Forces University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Lisbon, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Lisbon, Portugal
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Pedro Marques
Pedro Marques
Department of Endocrinology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Lisbon, Portugal
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Luis Lopes
Luis Lopes
Department of Endocrinology, Armed Forces University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
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Valeriano Leite
Valeriano Leite
Department of Endocrinology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Lisbon, Portugal
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João Jácome de Castro
João Jácome de Castro
Department of Endocrinology, Armed Forces University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
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significantly higher than usually assumed (3% [ 10 ] vs. 18% [ 11 ]). Cerci et al. [ 12 ] found no significant difference in the incidence of thyroid cancer between TMNG and nontoxic multinodular goiter (MNG). The risk of malignancy in Graves' disease might be
L.A. Jonker
L.A. Jonker
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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C.A. Lebbink
C.A. Lebbink
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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M.C.J. Jongmans
M.C.J. Jongmans
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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R.A.J. Nievelstein
R.A.J. Nievelstein
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatric Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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J.H.M. Merks
J.H.M. Merks
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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E.J.M. Nieveen van Dijkum
E.J.M. Nieveen van Dijkum
Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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T.P. Links
T.P. Links
Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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N. Hoogerbrugge
N. Hoogerbrugge
Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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A.S.P. van Trotsenburg
A.S.P. van Trotsenburg
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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H.M. van Santen
H.M. van Santen
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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– activity which is undesirable in young patients and in patients at risk for secondary malignancies [ 20 ]. Based on these arguments, the national expert panel recommends surveillance for DTC in children with PHTS to enable detection of DTC in an early
F. Cecoli
F. Cecoli
Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa University, and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Genoa
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E.M. Ceresola
E.M. Ceresola
Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa University, and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Genoa
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V. Altrinetti
V. Altrinetti
Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Galliera Hospital, Genoa
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M. Cabria
M. Cabria
Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Galliera Hospital, Genoa
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M. Cappagli
M. Cappagli
Endocrine Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, La Spezia
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A. Montepagani
A. Montepagani
Endocrine Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, La Spezia
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C.M. Cuttica
C.M. Cuttica
Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Galliera Hospital, Genoa
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U. Filippi
U. Filippi
Evangelico Internazionale Hospital, Genoa
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D. Saverino
D. Saverino
Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa University, and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Genoa
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M. Raffa
M. Raffa
Endocrine-Metabolic Center, ASL 1, Imperia, Italy
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M. Caputo
M. Caputo
Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa University, and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Genoa
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F. Minuto
F. Minuto
Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa University, and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Genoa
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M. Giusti
M. Giusti
Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa University, and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Genoa
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M. Bagnasco
M. Bagnasco
Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa University, and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Genoa
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iodine (RAI), there is agreement that patients with very-low-risk thyroid cancers (≤1 cm confined to the thyroid) do not require RAI. In addition, the TSH goal is a matter of debate [ 18 ]. According to the latest ATA guidelines [ 11 ], in patients free
Julia A Baran
Julia A Baran
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mya Bojarsky
Mya Bojarsky
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Stephen Halada
Stephen Halada
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Julio C Ricarte-Filho
Julio C Ricarte-Filho
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Amber Isaza
Amber Isaza
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Aime T Franco
Aime T Franco
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lea F Surrey
Lea F Surrey
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tricia Bhatti
Tricia Bhatti
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Zubair Baloch
Zubair Baloch
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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N Scott Adzick
N Scott Adzick
Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sogol Mostoufi-Moab
Sogol Mostoufi-Moab
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ken Kazahaya
Ken Kazahaya
Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Andrew J Bauer
Andrew J Bauer
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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data demonstrating a high rate of metastasis (30–90%) ( 6 , 7 ) to regional lymph nodes (LNs) in the pediatric population and was used to stratify patients into ATA risk levels for selective use of radioiodine therapy (RAIT; Recommendation 15) ( 5 , 8
