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calcitonin levels to prognosis and recurrence of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Ann Surg 1984;199:461-466. 6712322 19 Hung W, Sarlis NJ: Current controversies in the management of pediatric patients with well-differentiated nonmedullary thyroid cancer
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). Metastatic neck lymph node or mass was defined by the presence of metastatic cells in the cytology report and/or with an elevated concentration of the in situ thyroglobulin (TG) >10 µg/L or calcitonin >2000 ng/L. Figure 1 Flowchart of the sample
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Department of Medicine, University of Alcalá de Henares, Madrid
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IdiSNA (Instituto de investigación en la salud de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
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Troubles in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up Although the serum calcitonin (CT) level is considered a sensitive but non-specific tool for the diagnosis of MTC in patients with thyroid nodules, no clear CT threshold has been identified. Thus, there is a need
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-derived calcitonin-producing thyroid parafollicular C cells and represents 5–10% of all thyroid cancers. Although most MTCs are sporadic and affect adult patients, around 25% of cases are familial and occur in the frame of inherited cancer syndromes called multiple
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calcitonin levels were elevated in 10 patients, indicating MTC which was verified histologically in all of them. A total of 484 patients were assigned for surgery during IYM owing to multinodular goiter with none of them histologically malignant. Of the 3639
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medullary thyroid cancer may not display suspicious sonographic features or unambiguous cytological findings, a single calcitonin determination should be considered, together with TSH, in the initial biochemical evaluation [ 2 , 11 ]. The treatment of
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of a lymph node for cytological analysis and thyroglobulin or calcitonin washouts should be performed in case of suspicious US features [ 36 ]. Recommendation R6: US assessment of the lymph nodes is advised for all thyroid nodules but is
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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, helps distinguishing PDTC from DTC ( 38 ). In addition, the negative expression of calcitonin, chromogranin, and carcinoembryonic antigen in PDTC can exclude neuroendocrine tumors, that is, medullary thyroid carcinoma ( 39 ). Likewise, PDTC is not
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Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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to multiple other hormones (TSH, gonadotropins, calcitonin, and growth hormone-releasing hormone). These patients have usually a mild TSH resistance, but may exhibit reduced thyroid hormones in the neonatal period ( 39 , 40 ). Isolated resistance
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Surg 2013;37:2860-2865. 10.1007/s00268-013-2207-2 24045966 70 Kung AW, Yeung SS: Prevention of bone loss induced by thyroxine suppressive therapy in postmenopausal women: the effect of calcium and calcitonin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996