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Introduction Bone metastases (BMs) are infrequent in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), occurring in 2–13% of the cases. It has been estimated that BMs occur in 7–28% of follicular carcinomas and 1.4–7% of papillary carcinomas, although
Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Introduction By 2020, thyroid cancer had ranked as the fifth most prevalent cancer in women and the 11th most common cancer overall, with a sharp increase in its frequency worldwide ( 1 ). Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common
Division of Interventional Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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metastases after thermal ablation of nodal recurrences [ 26 ]. Distant Metastases Follicular and, to a lesser extent, papillary thyroid carcinomas result in distant metastases in up to 10% of cases, with lung and bone representing the 2 most commonly
Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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MTC 262 days after his enrollment in the study. Second Patient A 67-year-old patient with metastatic, papillary thyroid carcinoma was treated with total thyroidectomy, followed by 3 radioiodine therapies with a total activity of 20 GBq. Because
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intestinal subocclusion treated in the first instance with enterectomy and then with gastric repose on several subsequent occasions. In December 2014, a total thyroidectomy was performed due to a follicular-variant papillary carcinoma. He received treatment
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NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) [ 4 ]. Literature concerning this topic is scarce, and treatment is controversial [ 1 - 5 ]. The coexistence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and malignant SO in the same patient is an exceptional finding in clinical
Center for Genomic Research, Italy
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Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
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Center for Genomic Research, Italy
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constitutive activation of the RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF signalling pathway in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Res 2003;63:1454-1457. 12670889 4 Xing M: BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid cancer: pathogenic role, molecular bases, and clinical implications
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Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas (PTC and FTC) are prominent malignancies that originate from thyroid follicular cells. PTC is usually diagnosed via preoperative cytology, and large tumor size, clinical node metastasis, and distant metastasis constitute preoperative prognostic factors. Gross extrathyroidal and extranodal tumor extensions have a significant prognostic impact, are evaluated intraoperatively, and are useful for determining the extent of surgery. Aggressive variants, such as tall cell and hobnail variants, a high Ki-67 labeling index (LI), and somatic gene mutations are prognostic factors in postoperative pathological and molecular examinations. In contrast, FTC is generally diagnosed based on the postoperative pathology. Large tumor size and M factors have prognostic value; however, the findings of pathological examinations are very important. FTCs are classified as minimally invasive, encapsulated angioinvasive, and widely invasive FTCs. Widely invasive FTC with vascular invasion (VI) and encapsulated angioinvasive FTCs with extensive VI have a poor prognosis, whereas widely invasive FTC without VI has an excellent prognosis, which is similar to that of minimally invasive FTC. This indicates that VI is a considerably more important prognostic marker than capsular invasion. For postoperative follow-up, dynamic markers such as the thyroglobulin-doubling rate (DR), metastatic tumor volume-DR, and change in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are important and are useful for evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, such as radioactive iodine therapy and molecular targeted therapy, for recurrent lesions. For clinicians, it is important to accurately evaluate prognostic markers of PTC and FTC in the pre-, intraoperative, and postoperative phases.
Nuclear Medicine, Radiology Department, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif., USA
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node metastasis is very unusual. We report a unique case of papillary thyroid carcinoma with pathology-proven metastasis to an inguinal lymph node. Case Presentation The patient, a 55-year-old man, had an X-ray because of a painful shoulder. The
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surgery for hyperthyroidism regardless. Two autopsy studies concluded that the prevalence of occult papillary carcinoma in the thyroid was between 11 and 36% [ 9 , 10 ], and 2 recent studies suggested observation rather than surgery in papillary
