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Mafalda Marcelino Department of Endocrinology, Armed Forces University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Lisbon, Portugal

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Pedro Marques Department of Endocrinology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Lisbon, Portugal

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Luis Lopes Department of Endocrinology, Armed Forces University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal

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Valeriano Leite Department of Endocrinology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Lisbon, Portugal

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João Jácome de Castro Department of Endocrinology, Armed Forces University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal

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Introduction Thyroid nodules larger than 1 cm should be evaluated with regard to their dimensions and characteristics, functionality, and malignancy. High-resolution ultrasonography (US), sensitive thyrotropin (TSH) assay

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Kaoru Kobayashi Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Tomonori Yabuta Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Mitsuhiro Fukushima Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Minoru Kihara Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Yuuki Takamura Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Yasuhiro Ito Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Akihiro Miya Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Nobuyuki Amino Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Akira Miyauchi Kuma Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan

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Introduction Ultrasonography and cytology are very useful for the diagnosis and management of patients with thyroid nodules [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Some researchers [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] reported that a solid hypoechoic appearance, irregular or

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Hippolyte Dupuis Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
University of Lille, Lille, France

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Emilie Merlen Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France

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Arnaud Jannin Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
University of Lille, Lille, France

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Philippe Jamme University of Lille, Lille, France
Department of Dermatology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France

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Alexandre Fagart Department of Nuclear Medicine, Valenciennes Hospital Center, Valenciennes, France

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Marie-Christine Vantyghem Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
University of Lille, Lille, France

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Miriam Ladsous Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France

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, which may lead to thyroid atrophy. Novel insights ICI-induced destructive thyroiditis can cause a significant volume reduction of goiter and thyroid nodules and inactivation of toxic nodules. Pre-existent nodule or multinodular

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Carles Zafon Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona

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Juan J. Díez Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Ramón y Cajal
Department of Medicine, University of Alcalá de Henares, Madrid

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Juan C. Galofré Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
IdiSNA (Instituto de investigación en la salud de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain

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David S. Cooper Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

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care resources and the wide use of periodic medical check-ups have led to the frequent diagnosis of thyroid nodules in many individuals who live in developed countries. There are no 2 identical thyroid nodules in the same way as there are no 2 identical

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Giorgio Grani Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Livia Lamartina Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Valeria Ramundo Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Rosa Falcone Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Cristiano Lomonaco Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Laura Ciotti Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Martina Barone Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Marianna Maranghi Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Vito Cantisani Diagnostic and Ultrasound Innovations Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Sebastiano Filetti Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Cosimo Durante Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Introduction Currently available sonographic risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules were developed to more accurately identify those for which fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can safely be deferred [ 1 - 5 ]. The likelihood

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Catherine Brophy Departments of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Cork, Ireland

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Rania Mehanna Departments of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Cork, Ireland

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Julie McCarthy Departments of Cytopathology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland

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Antoinette Tuthill Departments of Endocrinology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland

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Matthew S. Murphy Departments of Endocrinology, South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland

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Patrick Sheahan Departments of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Cork, Ireland

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Introduction Thyroid nodules are common, being present by palpation in up to 5% of individuals and by ultrasonography (US) in up to 50% [ 1 ]. While the overwhelming majority are benign, it is estimated that the incidence of cancer in

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Yulia P. Sych Department of Endocrinology 1 at I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation

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Valentin V. Fadeev Department of Endocrinology 1 at I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation

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Elena P. Fisenko Laboratory of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Federal State Research Institution “B.V. Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, Moscow, Russian Federation

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Marina Kalashnikova Department of Endocrinology 1 at I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation

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Introduction Ultrasonography (US) is the best tool for the visualization and assessment of thyroid lesions. Thyroid nodules are the most common among them, particularly in iodine-deficient areas [ 1 , 2 ]. To make US results more reliable and

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Hirosuke Danno Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan

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Eijun Nishihara Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan

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Kazuyoshi Kousaka Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan

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Tomohiko Nakamura Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan

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Toshihiko Kasahara Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan

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Takumi Kudo Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan

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Mitsuru Ito Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan

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Shuji Fukata Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan

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Mitsushige Nishikawa Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan

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Akira Miyauchi Division of Surgery and Director, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan

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Introduction The Marine-Lenhart syndrome (MLS), first described by Charkes in 1972 [ 1 ], is now commonly defined as “a combination of Graves’ disease and autonomous functioning thyroid nodule(s) (AFTN)” [ 2 - 4 ]. Typical scintigraphic images

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Gilles Russ Thyroid and Endocrine Tumor Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France

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Sophie Leboulleux Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France

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Laurence Leenhardt Thyroid and Endocrine Tumor Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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managing a condition that the patient did not complain of. In the first part, this paper outlines the magnitude of the problem and updates the concept of US risk stratification of thyroid nodules based on the TIRADS (thyroid imaging reporting and data

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Anne-Sophie Bertrand Department of Interventional Radiology Imaging, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Research Center, Nice, France

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Antoine Iannessi Department of Interventional Radiology Imaging, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Research Center, Nice, France

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Isabelle Peyrottes Department of Anatomopathology, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Research Center, Nice, France

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Alexis Lacout Department of Radiology, Centre médico-chirurgical ELSAN, Aurillac, France

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Antoine Thyss Department of Oncology, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Research Center, Nice, France

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Pierre-Yves Marcy Department of Interventional Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Polyclinique Les Fleurs Groupe ELSAN, Ollioules, France

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thyroid carcinoma origin is reported as a very rare dedifferentiated (trabecular) tumor spread of intermediate prognosis. Metastasis was shown as a “hot spot” hypervascular nodule. Introduction We would like to highlight an exceptional

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