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Peter Laurberg Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg

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Nils Knudsen Medical Clinic I, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Stig Andersen Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg

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Allan Carlé Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg

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Inge Bülow Pedersen Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg

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Jesper Karmisholt Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg

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was modified to change serum TSH by a factor of 10, corresponding to the difference from the lower to the upper limit of the laboratory reference range for serum TSH (0.4–4.0 mU/l). Based on data from many studies, Eisenberg and Distefano [ 11

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Mats Holmberg ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital, Norra Stationsgatan 69, Stockholm, Sweden
Institute of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Wallenberg’s Centre of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden

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Helge Malmgren Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden

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Peter F Berglund Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden

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Birgitta Johansson Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden

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Helena Filipsson Nyström Wallenberg’s Centre of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
Gothenburg Centre for Person Centred-Care (GPCC), Göteborg, Sweden

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Hospital, Göteborg ( n  = 64) and from the Department of Medicine at Kungälv’s Hospital, Kungälv ( n  = 1) in Sweden. They were eligible for the study if they were premenopausal, with fT4 levels ≥50 pmol/L (reference range: 12–22) and/or total T3 ≥6.0 nmol

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Heleen I Jansen Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Antonius E van Herwaarden Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Henk J Huijgen Department of Clinical Chemistry, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands

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Rebecca C Painter Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Jacquelien J Hillebrand Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annemieke C Heijboer Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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/L at the lower or upper reference range ( 46 , 47 , 48 ). However, different fT4 IAs have varying techniques and reagent composition in measuring fT4 concentrations, meaning pregnancy does not influence all different IAs to the same extent as was

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Kamilla R Riis Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Camilla B Larsen Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Bjarke R Medici Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark

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Christian Z Jensen Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark

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Kristian H Winther Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Emil L Larsen Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Christina Ellervik Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Data and Data Support, Region Zealand, Sorø, Denmark

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Jeppe L la Cour Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Thomas H Brix Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Henrik E Poulsen Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark
Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Nordsjælland, Hillerød, Denmark

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Filip K Knop Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark

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Birte Nygaard Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Steen J Bonnema Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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the reference range of 0.3–4.0 mIU/L and total plasma thyroxine (TT4) below the reference range of 60–130 nmol/L) or mild (plasma TSH above the reference range, and plasma TT4 within the reference range). Exclusion criteria were pregnancy or planned

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Stine Linding Andersen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Niels Henrik Bruun Unit of Clinical Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Peter Astrup Christensen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Simon Lykkeboe Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Aase Handberg Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Annebirthe Bo Hansen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Maja Hjelm Lundgaard Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Louise Knøsgaard Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Nanna Maria Uldall Torp Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Allan Carlé Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Jesper Karmisholt Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Inge Bülow Pedersen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Peter Vestergaard Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stig Andersen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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evaluation of maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy is challenged by the physiological alterations in thyroid function and binding proteins associated with the pregnant state ( 7 ). Thus, pregnancy- and method-specific reference ranges are needed for

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Carla Colombo Endocrine Oncology Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Daniele Ceruti Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Massimiliano Succi Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Simone De Leo Endocrine Oncology Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Matteo Trevisan Endocrine Oncology Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Claudia Moneta Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Laura Fugazzola Endocrine Oncology Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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patients treated with VAN and white dots represent patients treated with SELP. Nine male patients (100%) and 11/17 (65%) female patients showed Δ4 androstenedione values below the median of the reference range (of which 10 patients below the 5th percentile

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Berta Soldevila Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition. Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain

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Inés Velasco Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain

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Carla Muñoz Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain

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Yesika Díaz Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
Health Department, Centre d’Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain

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Laia Egea-Cortés Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
Health Department, Centre d’Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain

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Laura Ferrer-Escopiñan Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition. Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain

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Alejandra Pérez-Montes de Oca Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition. Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain

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Raquel Martínez-Mondejar Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain

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Jordi Casabona Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
Health Department, Centre d’Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain

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Manel Puig-Domingo Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition. Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain

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women differs from non-pregnant women, and current guidelines recommend to establish local reference ranges for thyroid hormone values during specific time points of pregnancy ( 6 ). Our group has recently described trimester-specific reference ranges

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Ladan Mehran Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Atieh Amouzegar Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Hengameh Abdi Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Negar Delbari Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Elham Madreseh Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Maryam Tohidi Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammad Ali Mansournia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Fereidoun Azizi Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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. Definitions TDs were defined based on TSH (0.32–5.06 µ/L) and free thyroxin (FT4) (0.91–1.55 ng/dL) reference ranges previously calculated in the study population as the representative sample of Tehranian population [ 17 ]. TPOAB positivity is considered as

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Enrique Soto-Pedre Division of Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

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Moneeza K. Siddiqui Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

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Ify Mordi Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

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Cyrielle Maroteau Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

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Jimena Soto-Hernaez School of Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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Colin N.A. Palmer Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

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Ewan R. Pearson Division of Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

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Graham P. Leese Division of Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

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-based genetic risk score; GoDARTS, Genetics of Diabetes and Audit Research Tayside Study. For all participants with a serum TSH in the reference range ( n = 9,452), we confirmed the association of serum TSH with known loci previously reported at CAPZB

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Carolina C.P.S. Janovsky Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rui M.B. Maciel Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Cleber P. Camacho Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rosalia P. Padovani Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Claudia C. Nakabashi Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Ji H. Yang Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Eduardo Z. Malouf Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Elza S. Ikejiri Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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M. Conceição O.C. Mamone Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Jairo Wagner Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Danielle M. Andreoni Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rosa Paula M. Biscolla Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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sensitivities of 0.1 ng/ml. Anti-Tg was measured using a chemiluminescent immunometric assay until 2009 (reference range, 0-5 IU/ml). Afterwards, an indirect electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (reference range, 0-115 IU/ml; Roche®) was used. TSH was

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