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Ola Lindgren Department of Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Pernilla Asp Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

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Anna Sundlöv Department of Oncology, Lund University, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

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Jan Tennvall Department of Oncology, Lund University, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

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Bushra Shahida Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, and Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Tereza Planck Department of Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Peter Åsman Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Ophthalmology, Lund University, and Department of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Mikael Lantz Department of Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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have been studied in vitro, and it was suggested that irradiated lymphocytes of the thyroid are important in the synthesis of autoantibodies in response to iodine-131 [ 13 ]. The aim of the present study was to prospectively investigate if all patients

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Steen J. Bonnema Departments of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense

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Elisabeth S. Stovgaard Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet

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Søren Fast Departments of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense

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Kasper Broedbaek Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet

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Jon T. Andersen Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet

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Allan Weimann Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet

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Peter Grupe Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense

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Laszlo Hegedüs Departments of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense

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Henrik E. Poulsen Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Introduction For many years radioactive iodine ( 131 I) has been used for treatment of nontoxic goiter, hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. During the last decade recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) - a very potent stimulator of the thyroid 131 I

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Lars Folkestad Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Frans Brandt Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Sønderborg, Denmark

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Thomas Brix Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Marianne Vogsen Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Lars Bastholt Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Peter Grupe Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Jeanette  Krogh Petersen Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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result of interactions between genetic [ 3 ] and environmental triggers, of which cigarette smoking [ 4 , 5 ] and iodine intake [ 6 ] have received most attention. Patients with GD have an increased burden of other morbidities [ 7 ], including an

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Elske T. Massolt Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Mahdi  Salih Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Carolien M. Beukhof Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Boen L.R. Kam Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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J.W. Burger Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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W. Edward Visser Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Ewout J. Hoorn Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Robin P. Peeters Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Rotterdam between November 2014 and October 2015. Initial therapy consisted of total thyroidectomy. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they were scheduled for treatment with radioactive iodine (RAI); did not use drugs interfering with TH metabolism or

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Christiaan F Mooij Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Timothy D Cheetham Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK

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Frederik A Verburg Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Anja Eckstein Department of Ophthalmology, University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany

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Simon H Pearce Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK

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Juliane Léger Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Growth and Development Diseases, Endo-ERN HCP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré University Hospital, University of Paris, NeuroDiderot Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Introduction Purpose and scope of guideline Hyperthyroidism caused by Graves’ disease (GD) is a relatively rare disease in children. Although treatment options are the same as in adults – antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine (RAI

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P. Reed Larsen Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA

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Ann Marie Zavacki Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA

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Introduction When dietary iodine is sufficient, the major product of the thyroid gland is thyroxine (T4) which is secreted at a rate of 10-fold that of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) in humans. Thus, a rate-limiting step in thyroid hormone

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Francisco Sousa Santos Endocrinology Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal

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Rita Joana Santos Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal

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Valeriano Leite Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
Faculty of Medical Sciences of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

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Introduction Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common form of thyroid carcinoma [ 1 ]. Most cases of DTC can be effectively treated with surgery followed by levothyroxine therapy and radioactive iodine (RAI) in selected patients

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Maria Rossing Department of Endocrinology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev
Center of Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Birte Nygaard Department of Endocrinology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev

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Finn Cilius Nielsen Center of Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Finn Noe Bennedbæk Department of Endocrinology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev

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patients with known or suspected nodular thyroid disease and a US-guided fine-needle aspirate (FNA) is considered the gold standard when evaluating cold (without uptake on a technetium-99m scintigraphy) thyroid nodules [ 1 ]. In a borderline iodine

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Mathieu Spaas Department of Radiation Oncology, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Brigitte Decallonne Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Annouschka Laenen Leuven Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre, Leuven, Belgium

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Jaak Billen Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Sandra Nuyts Department of Radiation Oncology, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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of DTC usually consists of total thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine (RAI) remnant ablation (RRA). Postoperative administration of RAI serves three major goals: the first is to destroy any residual microscopic disease as well as any remaining

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Haruhiko Yamazaki Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Kiminori Sugino Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Ryohei Katoh Department of Pathology, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Kenichi Matsuzu Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Wataru Kitagawa Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Mitsuji Nagahama Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Aya Saito Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan

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Koichi Ito Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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prognosis of patients with widely invasive FTC is significantly poorer compared to patients with minimally invasive FTC, completion total thyroidectomy with radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for widely invasive FTC to detect the appearance of distant and

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