Line Tang Møllehave
Line Tang Møllehave
Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nils Knudsen
Nils Knudsen
Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Allan Linneberg
Allan Linneberg
Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Inge Bülow Pedersen
Inge Bülow Pedersen
Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Gitte Ravn-Haren
Gitte Ravn-Haren
Research Group for Risk Benefit, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Anja Lykke Madsen
Anja Lykke Madsen
Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Allan Carlé
Allan Carlé
Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Charlotte Cerqueira
Charlotte Cerqueira
The Danish Clinical Quality Program – National Clinical Registries (RKKP), Denmark
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Anne Krejbjerg
Anne Krejbjerg
Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Lone Banke Rasmussen
Lone Banke Rasmussen
Independent researcher, Klemensker, Denmark
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Lars Ovesen
Lars Ovesen
Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hans Perrild
Hans Perrild
Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lena Bjergved Sigurd
Lena Bjergved Sigurd
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Betina Heinsbæk Thuesen
Betina Heinsbæk Thuesen
Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pernille Vejbjerg
Pernille Vejbjerg
Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Torben Jørgensen
Torben Jørgensen
Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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observations of ID were accompanied by observations of a higher prevalence of enlarged thyroid or goiter ( 7 ), thyroid nodules, and subsequent hyperthyroidism ( 10 , 11 ), especially in elderly women and in the most iodine-deficient areas ( 11 ). Further
Luigi Bartalena
Luigi Bartalena
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Fausto Bogazzi
Fausto Bogazzi
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Luca Chiovato
Luca Chiovato
Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk
Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk
Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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Thera P. Links
Thera P. Links
Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Mark Vanderpump
Mark Vanderpump
Physicians’ Clinic, London, United Kingdom
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AIT Can Be Identified and What Are the Diagnostic Criteria? Type 1 AIT (AIT 1) is a form of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism caused by excessive, uncontrolled biosynthesis of thyroid hormone by autonomously functioning thyroid tissue in response to
Emna Jelloul
Emna Jelloul
Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium
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Georgiana Sitoris
Georgiana Sitoris
Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium
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Flora Veltri
Flora Veltri
Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium
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Pierre Kleynen
Pierre Kleynen
Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium
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Serge Rozenberg
Serge Rozenberg
Departement of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium
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Kris G Poppe
Kris G Poppe
Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium
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Introduction The guidelines on the management of thyroid disorders in pregnancy (ATA-GL), mention the following: ‘it is important to note that subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH) has not been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore
João Sérgio Neves
João Sérgio Neves
Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
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Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho
Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho
Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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Marta Borges-Canha
Marta Borges-Canha
Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
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Ana Rita Leite
Ana Rita Leite
Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Sandra Martins
Sandra Martins
Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Ana Oliveira
Ana Oliveira
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
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João Tiago Guimarães
João Tiago Guimarães
Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Davide Carvalho
Davide Carvalho
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Adelino Leite-Moreira
Adelino Leite-Moreira
Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Ana Azevedo
Ana Azevedo
EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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understanding other mechanisms of cardiovascular dysfunction [ 5 , 6 ]. Thyroid hormones play a critical role in cardiovascular system development and homeostasis [ 7 ]. Both overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism contribute to a high risk of
Lars Folkestad
Lars Folkestad
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Frans Brandt
Frans Brandt
Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Sønderborg, Denmark
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Thomas Brix
Thomas Brix
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Marianne Vogsen
Marianne Vogsen
Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Lars Bastholt
Lars Bastholt
Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Peter Grupe
Peter Grupe
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Jeanette Krogh Petersen
Jeanette Krogh Petersen
Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Laszlo Hegedüs
Laszlo Hegedüs
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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of antibodies binding to and stimulating the thyrotropin receptor (TRAB), resulting in hyperthyroidism [ 1 ]. GD is common, with a lifetime risk of around 5% [ 2 ]. The etiology of GD is inadequately understood, but is generally thought to be the
Ringo Manta
Ringo Manta
Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Charlotte Martin
Charlotte Martin
Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Vinciane Muls
Vinciane Muls
Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, CHU Saint-Pierre, University Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Kris G Poppe
Kris G Poppe
Department of Endocrinology, CHU Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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count and electrolytes were otherwise normal, as were tests of coagulation and renal function tests. Thyroid function tests were repeated 2 days and 2 weeks later, confirming hyperthyroidism. Assessment for autoimmune thyroid disease was performed in
Sepehr Torabinejad
Sepehr Torabinejad
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples ’Federico II’, Naples, Italy
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Caterina Miro
Caterina Miro
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples ’Federico II’, Naples, Italy
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Biagio Barone
Biagio Barone
Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II
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Ciro Imbimbo
Ciro Imbimbo
Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II
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Felice Crocetto
Felice Crocetto
Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II
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Monica Dentice
Monica Dentice
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples ’Federico II’, Naples, Italy
CEINGE – Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
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CEINGE – Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
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). Although population-based studies suggest that subclinical and clinical hyperthyroidism increase the risk of solid malignancies, there are still controversies on the effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism in PCa, partially due to the highly spatiotemporally
Eduardo Crespo Vallejo
Eduardo Crespo Vallejo
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Antonio Hermosin
Antonio Hermosin
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Manuel Gargallo
Manuel Gargallo
Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Álvaro Villalba
Álvaro Villalba
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Eduardo Daguer
Eduardo Daguer
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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José Flores
José Flores
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Javier Periañez
Javier Periañez
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Joaquim Amorín
Joaquim Amorín
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Ernesto Santos
Ernesto Santos
Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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) subclinical or symptomatic hyperthyroidism. Patients with the following were excluded: (i) coagulation dysfunction, (ii) retrosternal growth, and (iii) pregnant. The size of the nodule to be ablated was never an exclusion criterion if the entire nodule was
Zohar Steinberg Ben-Zeev
Zohar Steinberg Ben-Zeev
Pediatric Department A, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Marina Peniakov
Marina Peniakov
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Clari Felszer
Clari Felszer
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Scott A Weiner
Scott A Weiner
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Avishay Lahad
Avishay Lahad
Pediatric Department A, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Shlomo Almashanu
Shlomo Almashanu
The National Newborn Screening Program, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Yardena Tenenbaum Rakover
Yardena Tenenbaum Rakover
Consulting Medicine in Pediatric Endocrinology, Clalit Health Services, Afula, Israel
The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism both affect the fetal and neonatal thyroid. Hyperthyroidism is mainly caused by Graves’ disease, and hypothyroidism during pregnancy in most women is attributed to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In Graves’ disease, fetal and newborn
Kris Poppe
Kris Poppe
Endocrine Unit, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Peter Bisschop
Peter Bisschop
Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Laura Fugazzola
Laura Fugazzola
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Gesthimani Minziori
Gesthimani Minziori
Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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David Unuane
David Unuane
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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Andrea Weghofer
Andrea Weghofer
Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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hyperthyroidism, and 5–10% for thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) [ 1 ]. Subfertility is estimated to affect between 8 and 12% of reproductive-aged couples worldwide. Males are found to be solely responsible for 20–30% of subfertility cases but contribute to 50% of cases
