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Andrea Leoncini Clinic for Radiology, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland

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Chiara Camponovo Thyroid Unit, Clinic for Endocrinology and Diabetology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland

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Gaetano Paone Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

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Elena Gamarra Thyroid Unit, Clinic for Endocrinology and Diabetology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland

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Giorgio Treglia Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Pierpaolo Trimboli Thyroid Unit, Clinic for Endocrinology and Diabetology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

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Introduction Thyroid nodule (TN) is a common pathological condition requiring a specific diagnostic workup ( 1 ). The first step in diagnosing thyroid disorders is to conduct a physical examination of the thyroid gland, followed by laboratory

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Luca Persani Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy

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Patrice Rodien Service d’Endocrinologie-Diabétologie-Nutrition, Centre de référence des maladies rares de la Thyroïde et des récepteurs hormonaux, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France.

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Carla Moran Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Endocrine Section, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
Endocrinology Department, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

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W Edward Visser Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Stefan Groeneweg Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Robin Peeters Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Samuel Refetoff Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics and Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Mark Gurnell Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Paolo Beck-Peccoz Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy

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Krishna Chatterjee Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Introduction Membrane transporters are rate-limiting for cellular entry of thyroid hormones (TH; T4 and T3) into some tissues, with selenocysteine-containing deiodinase enzymes (D1, D2) converting T4 to the biologically active hormone T3. THs

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Tim I.M. Korevaar Department of Internal Medicine and the Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Peter N. Taylor Thyroid Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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Colin M. Dayan Thyroid Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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Robin Patrick Peeters Department of Internal Medicine and the Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Dear Editor, The clinical evidence highlighting the importance of adequate maternal thyroid function during pregnancy for an optimal pregnancy outcome is rapidly accumulating. However, due to large differences across studies regarding study

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Hélène Théodon Department of Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Erell Guillerm Department of Oncogenetic, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Johanna Wassermann Department of Oncology, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Gabrielle Deniziaut Department of Pathology, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Loïc Jaffrelot Department of Oncology, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Jérome Denis Department of Endocrine and Oncology Biochemistry, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Nathalie Chereau Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Claude Bigorgne Department of Pathology, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Wiame Potonnier Department of Pathology, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Florence Coulet Department of Oncogenetic, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Laurence Leenhardt Department of Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Camille Buffet Department of Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Introduction Advances in molecular genotyping with high-throughput sequencing have led to better understanding of the genetic landscape of thyroid cancer and ultimately to major improvements in the treatment of advanced thyroid cancers ( 1

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Sara Monteiro-Martins Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

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Rosalie B T M Sterenborg Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Oleg Borisov Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

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Nora Scherer Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

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Yurong Cheng Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

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Marco Medici Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Anna Köttgen Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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Alexander Teumer Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Introduction Thyroid hormones (TH) affect cellular metabolism and thereby have vital functions for growth and metabolic homeostasis ( 1 ). Thyroid function is governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis, where the thyrotropin

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Laura Fugazzola Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Maurilio Deandrea Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Stefano Borgato Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Marco Dell’Acqua Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Francesca Retta Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Alberto Mormile Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Chiara Carzaniga Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Giacomo Gazzano Pathology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Gabriele Pogliaghi Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Marina Muzza Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Luca Persani Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Introduction Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective treatment for thyroid nodules, with a mean volume reduction ranging 50–90% at 1-year follow-up ( 1 ). As a general rule, the smaller the treated nodule the higher the volume reduction

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Ilaria Muller Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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Lucy S. Kilburn Institute of Cancer Research – Clinical Trials & Statistics Unit (ICR-CTSU), London, United Kingdom

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Peter N. Taylor Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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Peter J. Barrett-Lee Academic Breast Department, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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Judith M. Bliss Institute of Cancer Research – Clinical Trials & Statistics Unit (ICR-CTSU), London, United Kingdom

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Paul Ellis Guy’s Hospital and King’s College, London, United Kingdom

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Marian E. Ludgate Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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Colin M. Dayan Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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Introduction An association between breast cancer (BC) and benign thyroid disorders has been debated for decades, reported in several [ 1 , 2 ] but not all [ 3 ] studies; the most recent meta-analyses and reviews reached contrasting

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Constance Xhaard U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Juan J. Lence-Anta National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Yan Ren U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Françoise Borson-Chazot Groupement Hospitalier Lyon-Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Bron
Rhône-Alpes Thyroid Cancer Registry, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286), RTH Laennec Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Lyon

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Geneviève Sassolas Rhône-Alpes Thyroid Cancer Registry, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286), RTH Laennec Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Lyon

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Claire Schvartz Thyroid Cancer Registry of Champagne-Ardennes, Institut Jean Godinot, Reims

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Marc Colonna Cancer Registry of Isère, Meylan

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Brigitte Lacour Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
French National Registry of Childhood Solid Tumours, CHU, Nancy

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Arlette Danzon Cancer Registry of Doubs, EA 3181, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon

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Michel Velten Cancer Registry of Bas-Rhin, EA 3430, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg

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Enora Clero U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Stéphane Maillard U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Emilie Marrer Cancer Registry of Haut-Rhin, Mulhouse Hospital, Mulhouse

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Laurent Bailly Public Health Department, University Hospital Nice, Nice

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Eugènia Mariné Barjoan Public Health Department, University Hospital Nice, Nice

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Martin Schlumberger Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

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Jacques Orgiazzi Department of Endocrinology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France

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Elisabeth Adjadj U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Celia M. Pereda National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Silvia Turcios National Institute of Endocrinology, Cuba

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Milagros Velasco National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Mae Chappe National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Idalmis Infante National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Marlene Bustillo National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Anabel García National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Sirced Salazar National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Regla Rodriguez Cuban Public Health Ministry, Havana, Cuba

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Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Rosa M. Ortiz National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Carole Rubino U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Florent de Vathaire U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Introduction Over the last few decades, the differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) incidence has grown rapidly in many countries [ 1 ]. The study of DTC risk factors is therefore of great importance to understand this observed increase in

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Carolina Castro Porto Silva Janovsky Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Medicine, Thyroid Outpatient Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Fernando H. Cesena Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Viviane Arevalo Tabone Valente Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Raquel Dilguerian de Oliveira Conceição Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Raul D. Santos Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Márcio Sommer Bittencourt Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
School of Medicine, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Introduction Thyroid hormones are involved in the regulation of body composition, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance [ 1 - 6 ]. It is well known that hypothyroidism is associated with high levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides

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Jingyue Chen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

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Chenyan Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

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Weiping Teng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

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Zhongyan Shan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

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Jun Jin Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yining Wei Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jing Sun Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yushu Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

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Huifang Zhou Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Introduction Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy or Graves’ ophthalmopathy, is an infiltrative disorder affecting the retro-orbital and peri-orbital tissues caused by autoimmune system dysfunction. It

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