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Hsu-Hua Tseng Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yen-Bo Lin Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan

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Kuan-Yu Lin Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliu City, Taiwan

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Chia-Hung Lin Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan

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Hung-Yuan Li Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Chia-Hsuin Chang Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yi-Ching Tung Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Pei-Lung Chen Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Chih-Yuan Wang Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

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Wei-Shiung Yang Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

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Shyang-Rong Shih Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Center of Anti-Aging and Health Consultation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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.5)  Subclinical hypothyroidism 8 (17.8) 19 (13.4)  Euthyroid 25 (55.6) 63 (44.4) a Comparison between female and male; bold values denote statistical significance at the P < 0.05 level; b Cannot be identified from the chart review

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Jacopo Manso Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy

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Simona Censi Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Cristina Clausi Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Ilaria Piva Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Yi Hang Zhu Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Alberto Mondin Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Maria Chiara Pedron Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Susi Barollo Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Loris Bertazza Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Giulia Midena Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Raffaele Parrozzani Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Caterina Mian Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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in euthyroid patients (euthyroid GO) ( 2 ). The most common clinical manifestations of TED are proptosis, eyelid retraction, conjunctivitis, extraocular muscle hypertrophy with consequent reduction of ocular motility, diplopia and, in the most

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Henry B Burch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Petros Perros Department of Endocrinology, Leazes Wing, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Tomasz Bednarczuk Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

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David S Cooper Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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Peter J Dolman Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Angela M Leung Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Ilse Mombaerts Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Mario Salvi Department of Clinical and Community Services, Graves’ Orbitopathy Center, Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy

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Marius N Stan Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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when the disease is inactive and euthyroidism has been achieved and maintained. Key Point 7.3.2.1: The specific surgical approach should be tailored to the indication (DON, proptosis), type of orbitopathy (muscle or fat predominant congestive

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Liliana Ribeiro Santos Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal

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Inês Vasconcelos Bessa Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
Health Investigation and Innovation Institute (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Adriana Gaspar da Rocha Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
Health Investigation and Innovation Institute (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Public Health Unit, ACES Baixo Mondego, Coimbra, Portugal

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Celestino Neves Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital University Centre of São João, Porto, Portugal

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Cláudia Freitas Department of Endocrinology, Hospital University Centre of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Paula Soares Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
Health Investigation and Innovation Institute (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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(ETA) recommends Se in patients with mild Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) ( 24 , 25 ). This recommendation is based on a 2011 European randomised, controlled trial ( 26 ), which evaluated the effect of 200 μg/day sodium selenite for 6 months in euthyroid

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Annamaria Erdei Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Annamaria Gazdag Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Bernadett Ujhelyi Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Edit B Nagy Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Ervin Berenyi Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Eszter Berta Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Zita Steiber Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Sandor Barna Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Emese Mezosi First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary

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Miklos Bodor Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Endre V Nagy Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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fibrillation had been diagnosed 8 months earlier. He had become euthyroid on methimazole 10 mg per day; additional medications were propranolol, apixaban, and ramipril for pre-existing essential hypertension. He recalled that eyelid swelling, double vision, and

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Haitao Zhang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Hao Hu Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Yueyue Wang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Xinjie Duan Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Lu Chen Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Jiang Zhou Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Wen Chen Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Weizhong Zhang Department of Ophthalmology, The Friendship Hospital of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Ili & Jiangsu Joint Institute of Health, Ili, China
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Xiaoquan Xu Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Huanhuan Chen Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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euthyroid function ( P  = 0.844). The disease duration of TED patients in the GC-effective group was significantly shorter than that in the GC-ineffective group (5.0 (2.0, 8.5) vs 7.0 (5.0, 12.0) months, P = 0.017) ( Fig. 3A ). As for serological lipid

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Ilaria Muller Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
Endocrinology Unit, Graves’ Orbitopathy Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

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Sara Maioli Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy

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Mirco Armenti Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy

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Laura Porcaro Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy

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Nicola Currò Endocrinology Unit, Graves’ Orbitopathy Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

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Elisabetta Iofrida Department of Specialistic Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

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Lorenzo Pignataro Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
Department of Specialistic Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

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Jacopo Manso Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Caterina Mian Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Jens Geginat Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) “Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy

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Mario Salvi Endocrinology Unit, Graves’ Orbitopathy Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

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achieved stable euthyroidism on levothyroxine replacement therapy. After only one dose of RTX treatment, TED remained persistently inactive and stable (CAS 0; proptosis 25/23.5 mm, constant diplopia), with further improvement of lid retraction (7/9 mm) up

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Paneeraq Noahsen Arctic Health Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Ilisimatusarfik, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
National Board of Health, Nuuk, Greenland

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Karsten F Rex Arctic Health Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Ilisimatusarfik, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
Department of Internal Medicine, Queen Ingrid’s Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland

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Inge Bülow Pedersen Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Gert Mulvad Ilisimatusarfik, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
Queen Ingrid’s Health Care Centre, Nuuk, Greenland

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Hans Christian Florian-Sørensen Tasiilaq Health Care Center, Tasiilaq, Greenland

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Michael Lynge Pedersen Steno Diabetes Center Nuuk, Nuuk, Greenland

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Stig Andersen Arctic Health Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Ilisimatusarfik, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
Department of Internal Medicine, Queen Ingrid’s Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland
Department of Geriatric Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Andersen S . Intake of seaweed as part of a single sushi meal, iodine excretion and thyroid function in euthyroid subjects: a randomized dinner study . Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 2020 43 431 – 438 . ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618

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Joanna Bogusławska Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Marlena Godlewska Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Ewa Gajda Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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their positivity in euthyroid patients may be the risk factor for future thyroid disorders ( 15 ). They may be involved in autoimmune thyroid cell death via antibody-dependent cytotoxicity cells (ADCC) and C3 complement-mediated cytotoxicity ( 16

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Liyun Shen Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Lei Ye Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Wei Zhu Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Qin Jiao Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yulin Zhou Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Shu Wang Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Weiqing Wang Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Guang Ning Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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.4/0.2/0.8  PTU only 1 (3.3%) 0 1 (3.3%) 1/1/1  Levothyroxine and tapzole 12 (40%) 12 (40%) 14 (46.7%) 0.9/1/0.8  Levothyroxine and PTU 4 (13.3%) 1 (3.3%) 4 (13.3%) 0.4/0.4/1 Euthyroid ( n , %) 23 (76.7%) 25 (83

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