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Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
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Health Investigation and Innovation Institute (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Health Investigation and Innovation Institute (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Public Health Unit, ACES Baixo Mondego, Coimbra, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Hospital University Centre of São João, Porto, Portugal
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Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
Health Investigation and Innovation Institute (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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scarcely found in diet, but are often found in soils, and used in supplementation ( 23 ). Current international guidelines do not yet recommend inclusion of Se-Su in the treatment of HT and GD without eye involvement, but the European Thyroid Association
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guidelines for GO ( 9 ). The guidelines were updated in 2021 ( 10 ). In 2022, the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and the ETA jointly published a consensus statement for TED ( 11 ). These guidelines and consensus statements provide reliable and
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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, 5 , 6 ), guidelines recommended that a 4.5 g weekly pulse i.v. methylprednisolone (ivMP) remains to be the more accessible and cost-effective choice for active and moderate-to-severe GO patients currently ( 7 ). In previous studies, the response
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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TED into mild, moderate-to-severe and sight-threatening. The most recent EUGOGO guidelines confirm the clinical activity score (CAS), proposed by Mourits et al. ( 9 ), as the best-validated scoring system for evaluating disease activity ( 7 ). TED is
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placebo, unresponsive to teprotumumab or flaring after teprotumumab, confirmed the short-term effectiveness of teprotumumab ( 13 ). Last year, the European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) Guidelines recommended ivGCs ± mycophenolate (an
Endocrinology Unit, Graves’ Orbitopathy Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Department of Specialistic Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) “Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
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was referred to the combined thyroid-eye clinic of our TED Centre at the Endocrinology Department of Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (Milan, Italy). TED activity and severity were defined according to the EUGOGO Guidelines ( 8
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. Discussion Based on current guidelines ( 1 ), the suggested therapeutic approach to DON is high-dose i.v. corticosteroids which may result in complete visual recovery in 43% of cases ( 6 ). If there is no improvement in visual acuity, orbital bony
Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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the ATA and ETA on conflicts of interest ( https://www.thyroid.org/wp-content/uploads/members/fin-disclosure-coi-policies-2018.pdf ; https://www.eurothyroid.com/files/download/ETA-Rules-for-Guidelines-2016.pdf ). Cochairs were nominated by ATA and ETA
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Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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cholesterol and TED. The 2021 EUGOGO guidelines suggested that high serum cholesterol is an emerging and potential risk factor for TED ( 6 ). Previous studies have reported that the presence of TED correlates with hypercholesterolemia in patients with Graves
INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Caen University, Caen, France
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L Carrió Gasset I Hindié E Huellner MW Luster M Piccardo A Weber T Talbot JN Verburg FA . The EANM practice guidelines for parathyroid imaging . European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2021 48 2801 – 2822