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Earn H. Gan Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Anna L. Mitchell Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Ruth Plummer Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Simon Pearce Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Petros Perros Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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by thyroid disorders. This report describes a case of Graves hyperthyroidism after 8 years of tremelimumab therapy. We speculate a causal relationship between tremelimumab therapy and the development of Graves disease, and highlight the importance

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Clotilde Saïe Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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Cécile Ghander Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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Samir Saheb Apheresis Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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Christel Jublanc Department of Endocrinology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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Denis Lemesle Department of Anaesthesia, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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Charlotte Lussey-Lepoutre Nuclear Medicine Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital APHP, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U970, Paris, France

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Laurence Leenhardt Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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Fabrice Menegaux Department of Surgery, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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Christophe Tresallet Department of Surgery, Avicennes Hospital, Paris, France

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Camille Buffet Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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) is an effective blood purification procedure used to treat various disorders such as autoimmune diseases and familial hypercholesterolemia [ 2 ]. In hyperthyroidism, TPE has been used since 1970 [ 3 ] and is mainly considered for use in clinical

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Kathrin Engels Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Helena Rakov Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Denise Zwanziger Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Lars C. Moeller Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Georg Homuth Department of Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Josef Köhrle Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Klaudia Brix Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany

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Dagmar Führer Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Introduction Hyperthyroidism is a pathological state characterized by excessive thyroid hormone (TH) action in the body. Classical clinical features include anxiety, nervousness, tremor, weight loss and heat intolerance, which are often

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Tetsuya Mizokami Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan

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Katsuhiko Hamada Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan

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Tetsushi Maruta Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan

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Kiichiro Higashi Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan

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Junichi Tajiri Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan

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What Is Known about This Topic? • Anterior neck pain and fever, caused by radiation thyroiditis, is a rare occurrence after 131 I therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism. In addition, the ultrasonographic findings have not been well described

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Stine Linding Andersen Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark

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Jørn Olsen Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Chun Sen Wu Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Peter Laurberg Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark

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adverse outcome of pregnancy is less common than the early pregnancy loss but frequent enough to be of major concern [ 1 ]. Hyperthyroidism in women of reproductive age is most often caused by Graves' disease with autoimmunity against the thyroid

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Lucia Russo Department of Medicine, DIMED, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
Department of Endocrinology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Thi Ngoc Huyen Nguyen Department of Endocrinology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Aglaia Kyrilli Department of Endocrinology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Martin Robin Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Pierre Bel Lassen Department of Urology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes UMRS 1166 (Inserm), Paris, France

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Bernard Corvilain Department of Endocrinology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Introduction Endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism (eSCH) is a common disease defined as persistent low serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), with normal levels of free thyroxine (fT4) and tri-iodothyronine (fT3) regardless of the presence

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Kris Poppe Endocrine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital UZ Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium

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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

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Peter Laurberg Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, V. Fazzi Hospital, Lecce

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Francesco Vermiglio Cattedra di Endocrinologia, Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy

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Bijay Vaidya Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK

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Introduction The prevalence of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy ranges between 0.1 and 1% [ 1 ]. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is Graves’ disease (GD), occurring in about 85% of cases. Gestational transient thyrotoxicosis

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Shakeel Kautbally Divisions of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Orsalia Alexopoulou Divisions of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Chantal Daumerie Divisions of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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François Jamar Divisions of Nuclear Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Michel Mourad Divisions of Endocrine Surgery, St. Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Dominique Maiter Divisions of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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the development of a goiter and hyperthyroidism. Treatment should aim at inducing a rapid and permanent remission of hyperthyroidism and a disappearance of TSI with minimal morbidity. Thyroid surgery and radioiodine (RAI) therapy are both used as

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Bernard Goichot Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg
FMTS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg

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Stéphane Bouée CEMKA, Bourg La Reine

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Claire Castello-Bridoux Medical Affairs Department, Merck Serono, Lyon

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Philippe Caron Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle Cardio-Vasculaire et Métabolique, CHU Larrey
Inserm U1037, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France

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Introduction The etiological diagnosis of hyperthyroidism (HT) is considered by many experts to be an important step in therapeutic decision-making, although clinical practices in this field appear to vary greatly between countries, as

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Jesper Karmisholt Department of Medical Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Allan Carlé Department of Medical Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stig Andersen Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Introduction Patients with untreated hyperthyroidism experience a plethora of symptoms of which weight loss is frequent [ 1 ], and most patients experience weight gain when the disease is treated [ 2 , 3 ]. The level of resting energy

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