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Kamilla R Riis Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Camilla B Larsen Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Bjarke R Medici Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark

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Christian Z Jensen Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark

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Kristian H Winther Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Emil L Larsen Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Christina Ellervik Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Data and Data Support, Region Zealand, Sorø, Denmark

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Jeppe L la Cour Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Thomas H Brix Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Henrik E Poulsen Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark
Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Nordsjælland, Hillerød, Denmark

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Filip K Knop Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark

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Birte Nygaard Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Steen J Bonnema Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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sparsely in thyroid disorders. We recently demonstrated that 8-oxoGuo and 8-oxodG decrease by 10–25% after treatment of hyperthyroidism ( 19 ). Whether the same applies to the hypothyroid state is unknown. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to investigate

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Hicham Benabdelkamel Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Malak A Jaber Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan

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Lina A Dahabiyeh Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

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Afshan Masood Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Reem H Almalki Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Mohthash Musambil Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Anas M Abdel Rahman Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and King Saud Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Assim A Alfadda Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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other studies, the level of ceramides increased upon LT 4 administration to hypothyroid tissue and was even higher in hyperthyroid hepatocytes, liver tissue, and heart muscle ( 29 , 30 ). LT 4 is believed to increase the activity of ceramide

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Maja Hjelm Lundgaard Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Allan Carlé Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Ulla Birgitte Christiansen Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Anne Sørensen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Søren Risom Kristensen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stine Linding Andersen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism show opposite associations with the coagulation system. Thus, hyperthyroidism has predominantly been associated with a hypercoagulant state and a higher risk of venous thromboembolic events, whereas hypothyroidism has been

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Camilla Bøgelund Larsen Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Kristian Hillert Winther Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Per Karkov Cramon Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Åse Krogh Rasmussen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Nils Jakob Knudsen Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jakob Bue Bjorner Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
QualityMetric Inc, Johnston, Lincoln, Rhode Island, USA

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Lutz Schomburg Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

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Kamil Demircan Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

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Thilo Samson Chillon Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

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Jeppe Gram Medical Department, Endocrinology, University Hospital of South-West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark

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Stinus Gadegaard Hansen Medical Department, Endocrinology, University Hospital of South-West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark

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Frans Brandt Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Internal Medicine Research Unit, University Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark

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Birte Nygaard Department of Endocrinology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Torquil Watt Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Steen Joop Bonnema Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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serum TSH ≥4.0 mIU/L; and written informed consent. Exclusion criteria Exclusion criteria were previous diagnosis of toxic nodular goitre; Graves’ hyperthyroidism or orbitopathy; postpartum thyroiditis; previous radioiodine therapy or thyroid

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Irene Campi Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy

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Marco Dell’Acqua Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Elisa Stellaria Grassi Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Maria Cristina Vigone Department of Paediatrics, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy

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Luca Persani Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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adult CH patients maintain euthyroidism with higher L-T4 doses compared to post-surgical acquired hypothyroidism ( 59 ). Central hyperthyroidism Importantly, refractoriness to L-T4 must be differentiated from central hyperthyroidism associated

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Joke Marlier Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

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Guy T’Sjoen Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
Department of Internal Medicine & Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Jean Kaufman Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
Department of Internal Medicine & Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Bruno Lapauw Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
Department of Internal Medicine & Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Goitre symptoms 0.00 (0.00–0.00) 0.00 (0.00–14.58) P  = 0.073 Hyperthyroid symptoms 12.50 (0.00–25.00) 6.25 (0.00–25.00) P  = 0.966 Hypothyroid symptoms 25.00 (6.25–43.75) 18.75 (6.25–37.50) P  = 0.723 Eye symptoms 8

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Camilla Bøgelund Larsen Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Eva Rabing Brix Petersen Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark

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Martin Overgaard Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Steen Joop Bonnema Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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the increased TSH had prompted a trial of levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy on the suspicion of thyroid failure. Up to 150 µg LT4 per day was given. Hereby, plasma TSH decreased to near-normal levels within a few weeks, but hyperthyroid symptoms

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Ladan Mehran Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Atieh Amouzegar Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Hengameh Abdi Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Negar Delbari Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Elham Madreseh Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Maryam Tohidi Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammad Ali Mansournia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Fereidoun Azizi Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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positivity; however, the adjusted odds ratios were not significant (Table  1 ). No difference was also found in odds ratio of hyperthyroidism between MetS and non-MetS group. The prevalence of TPOAb positivity was lower in the MetS group compared with non

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Georgios K. Markantes Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Konstantinos Dimitropoulos Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Irene Mamali Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Ioulia Tseti Uni-Pharma S.A., Athens, Greece

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George Sakellaropoulos Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

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Kostas B. Markou Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Marina A. Michalaki Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism . Nat Rev Endocrinol . 2018 May ; 14 ( 5 ): 301 – 16 . 10.1038/nrendo.2018.18 29569622 1759-5029 2 Jonklaas J , Bianco AC , Bauer AJ , Burman KD , Cappola AR , Celi FS , et al. ; American Thyroid

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Jacqueline Jonklaas Division of Endocrinology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Antonio C. Bianco Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Anne R. Cappola Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Francesco S. Celi Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

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Eric Fliers Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Heike Heuer Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Elizabeth A. McAninch Division of Endocrinology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Lars C. Moeller Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Birte Nygaard Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, Herlev, Denmark

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Anna M. Sawka Division of Endocrinology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Torquil Watt Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Colin M. Dayan Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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sex hormone binding globulin are indicative of a hyperthyroid situation in peripheral tissues, histopathological observations (including hypomyelination, compromised GABAergic maturation in cerebral and cerebellar cortex), as well as reduced TH tissue

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