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  • Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis x
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Sébastien Verdickt Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Falco Van Nes Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Carolien Moyson Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Toon Maes Department of Endocrinology, Imeldaziekenhuis Bonheiden, Bonheiden, Belgium

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Paul Van Crombrugge Department of Endocrinology, OLV Ziekenhuis Aalst-Asse-Ninove, Aalst, Belgium

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Annick Van den Bruel Department of Endocrinology, AZ Sint Jan Brugge, Brugge, Belgium

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Brigitte Decallonne Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Introduction Radioactive iodine (RAI) has been used for the treatment of patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism since the 1950s. After a single RAI administration, patients ideally become euthyroid but frequently develop hypothyroidism. On the

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Laure Felix Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

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Peggy Jacon Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

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Maxime Lugosi Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

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Justine Cristante Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

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Julie Roux Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

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Olivier Chabre Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

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tomography (FDG-PET) with integrated unenhanced CT scan. Although there was no thyroid signal on FDG PET, we noticed that in the unenhanced CT scan the thyroid had become 'white', suggesting that intrathyroid accumulation of iodine brought by amiodarone acted

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Meihua Jin Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Ahreum Jang Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea

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Chae A Kim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Tae Yong Kim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Won Bae Kim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Young Kee Shong Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Min Ji Jeon Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Won Gu Kim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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gland ( 1 , 2 ). Current treatment options for patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism include antithyroid drugs (ATDs), radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, and surgery ( 1 , 3 , 4 ). Although geographical difference exists, ATD is the preferred first

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Hippolyte Dupuis Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
University of Lille, Lille, France

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Emilie Merlen Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France

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Arnaud Jannin Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
University of Lille, Lille, France

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Philippe Jamme University of Lille, Lille, France
Department of Dermatology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France

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Alexandre Fagart Department of Nuclear Medicine, Valenciennes Hospital Center, Valenciennes, France

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Marie-Christine Vantyghem Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
University of Lille, Lille, France

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Miriam Ladsous Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France

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iodine-contrast injection for a CT scan 10 days before. He did not take any other treatment interfering with the thyroid function, had no fever, no local anterocervical pain and anti-thyrotropin-receptor antibodies were negative. Ultrasound (US

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Bruno Bouça Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Ana Cláudia Martins Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Paula Bogalho Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Lídia Sousa Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Tiago Bilhim Interventional Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Filipe Veloso Gomes Interventional Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Élia Coimbra Interventional Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Ana Agapito Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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José Silva-Nunes Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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very effective for both supra- and ventricular tachyarrhythmia, is hemodynamically well tolerated by patients with impaired inotropic function and/or pre-existent hypotension, and also prevents sudden cardiac death ( 2 ). Due to its high iodine

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J Karmisholt Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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S L Andersen Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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I Bulow-Pedersen Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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A Krejbjerg Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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B Nygaard Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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A Carlé Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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destroy thyroid tissue and once remission is achieved, many patients continue to have normal thyroid function without any treatment. Radioactive iodine or surgery, on the other hand, almost inevitably leaves the patients with a lifelong need for L-T4

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Alessandro Brancatella Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Laura Pierotti Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Nicola Viola Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Isabella Lupi Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Lucia Montanelli Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Chiara Cremolini Oncology Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Paolo Piaggi Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Antonio Chella Pneumology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy

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Andrea Antonuzzo Oncology Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Daniele Sgrò Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Lucia Antonangeli Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Chiara Sardella Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Sandra Brogioni Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Claudio Marcocci Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Ferruccio Santini Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Francesco Latrofa Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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months in all patients (median 9.2 months). Thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs), thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) and urinary iodine were tested at screening and at day 0 in all patients, whereas thyroglobulin (Tg) was tested at day 0 and every 28 days

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Yiyun Cui Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Jinlong Chen Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Rui Guo Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Ruize Yang Department of Public Health, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Dandan Chen Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Wei Gu Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Francis Manyori Bigambo School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Xu Wang Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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necessary to expand the sample size to verify the results. Iodine, as an important component of thyroid hormone synthesis, is closely related to the occurrence and development of thyroid diseases ( 21 ). In our center, health education on a non

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Marta Nascimento Soares Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Marta Borges-Canha Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine from the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Celestino Neves Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Institute for Research Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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João Sérgio Neves Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine from the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Davide Carvalho Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Institute for Research Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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iodine uptake, which may lead to the formation of goiter when faced with a strong stimulus ( 4 ). Differentiated thyroid carcinoma, which originates in the epithelial follicular thyroid cells, represents about 95% of thyroid cancer cases. It includes

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Mats Holmberg ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital, Norra Stationsgatan 69, Stockholm, Sweden
Institute of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Wallenberg’s Centre of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden

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Helge Malmgren Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden

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Peter F Berglund Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden

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Birgitta Johansson Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden

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Helena Filipsson Nyström Wallenberg’s Centre of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
Gothenburg Centre for Person Centred-Care (GPCC), Göteborg, Sweden

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with the local treatment scheme for premenopausal female adult patients with GD where all patients received either antithyroid drugs (ATD) or surgery with previous ATD treatment. As an exception, one patient was treated with radioactive iodine

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