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Cengiz Kara Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey

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Jamala Mammadova Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Altinbas University Medicalpark Bahçelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

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Ümmet Abur Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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Cagri Gumuskaptan Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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Elif İzci Güllü Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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Ayhan Dağdemir Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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Murat Aydın Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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). Moreover, the thyroid phenotype is modified by nutritional iodide intake. Development of goiter and hypothyroidism in SLC26A4 gene defects is uncommon under conditions of adequate or high iodine intake, whereas it is more prevalent in the state of iodine

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-22-0212
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 3
Open access
Irene Campi Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy

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Marco Dell’Acqua Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Elisa Stellaria Grassi Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Maria Cristina Vigone Department of Paediatrics, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy

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Luca Persani Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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hypothyroidism include cardiovascular morbidity and increased mortality ( 3 , 4 ), several Scientific Societies recommend to measure circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in patients at risk. Iodine deficiency is still a common cause of

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0012
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Open access
Anita Boelen Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annemieke C Heijboer Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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TSHR ). Less common (10% of the cases) are inborn errors of TH synthesis, so-called dyshormonogenesis. Disturbed TH synthesis may be due to a defect in iodine trapping, oxidation and organification or coupling ( 13 ). Genes involved in thyroid

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0041
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Open access
Camilla Bøgelund Larsen Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Kristian Hillert Winther Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Per Karkov Cramon Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Åse Krogh Rasmussen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Nils Jakob Knudsen Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jakob Bue Bjorner Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
QualityMetric Inc, Johnston, Lincoln, Rhode Island, USA

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Lutz Schomburg Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

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Kamil Demircan Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

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Thilo Samson Chillon Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

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Jeppe Gram Medical Department, Endocrinology, University Hospital of South-West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark

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Stinus Gadegaard Hansen Medical Department, Endocrinology, University Hospital of South-West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark

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Frans Brandt Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Internal Medicine Research Unit, University Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark

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Birte Nygaard Department of Endocrinology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Torquil Watt Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Steen Joop Bonnema Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Introduction Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is the leading cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient countries ( 1 ). AIT is characterised by lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland and the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0175
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 1
Open access
Ladan Mehran Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Atieh Amouzegar Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Hengameh Abdi Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Negar Delbari Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Elham Madreseh Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Maryam Tohidi Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammad Ali Mansournia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Fereidoun Azizi Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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individuals with and without MetS as well as evaluating the incidence of TD and trend of thyroid hormones according to the MetS group, during a 10 year follow-up in an iodine sufficient population. Materials and Methods Study Design TTS is a

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000512665
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 5
Free access
Georgios K. Markantes Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Konstantinos Dimitropoulos Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Irene Mamali Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Ioulia Tseti Uni-Pharma S.A., Athens, Greece

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George Sakellaropoulos Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

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Kostas B. Markou Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Marina A. Michalaki Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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thereafter. They were also instructed not to take their LT4 preparation before blood sampling on the scheduled visits for thyroid hormone measurements. We set the therapeutic target range of TSH levels at 0.45–4.12 mIU/L [ 8 ], since Greece is an iodine

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000508216
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 1
Free access
Tal Almagor Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
Pediatric Department B, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Shoshana Rath Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

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Dan Nachtigal Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

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Zohara Sharroni Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

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Ghadir Elias-Assad Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Ora Hess Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

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Gilad Havazelet Clalit Health Services, North District, Israel

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Yoav Zehavi Pediatric Department B, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

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Ronen Spiegel Pediatric Department B, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Dani Bercovich Faculty of Medical Science, Tel Hai Academic College Upper Galilee, Tel Hai, Israel
GGA – Galil Genetic Analysis Laboratory Ltd., Kazerin, Israel

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Shlomo Almashanu The National Newborn Screening Program, Ministry of Health, Tel-HaShomer, Israel

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Yardena Tenenbaum-Rakover Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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result in hearing impairment (HI) [ 1 - 3 ]. Deaf-mutism and HI are common in areas of iodine deficiency [ 4 ] and were reported in patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) prior to the implementation of thyroid neonatal screening in the 1980s [ 5

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000509775
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 3
Free access
Salman Razvi Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Bronia Arnott Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Dawn Teare Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Shaun Hiu Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Nicki O’Brien Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Simon H. Pearce Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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a third generation TSH assay is not available in an iodine sufficient area, an upper limit of normal of 4.12 should be considered” [ 20 ]. Similarly, Latin American Thyroid Society recommendations are “against routine treatment for elderly (>65 years

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000509228
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 4
Free access
Jacqueline Jonklaas Division of Endocrinology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Antonio C. Bianco Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Anne R. Cappola Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Francesco S. Celi Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

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Eric Fliers Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Heike Heuer Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Elizabeth A. McAninch Division of Endocrinology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Lars C. Moeller Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Birte Nygaard Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, Herlev, Denmark

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Anna M. Sawka Division of Endocrinology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Torquil Watt Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Colin M. Dayan Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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individuals could be targeted in a separate study. Other patient groups are those who are surgically athyreotic and those individuals with thyroid cancer who have received radioactive iodine therapy after thyroidectomy, who might theoretically have the lowest

Article Type:
Guideline
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000512970
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 1
Free access
Solène Castellnou Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Fédération d’Endocrinologie, Bron, France

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Patricia Bretones Service d’Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France

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Juliette Abeillon Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Fédération d’Endocrinologie, Bron, France

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Myriam Moret Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Fédération d’Endocrinologie, Bron, France

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Pauline Perrin Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, LBMMS, Bron, France

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Karim Chikh Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, LBMMS, Saint Genis Laval, France

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Véronique Raverot Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, LBMMS, Bron, France

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thyroxin and iodine available for fetal hormonosynthesis. However, an important radioiodine uptake would have been observed on the thyroid scintigraphy [ 3 - 5 ]. Secondly, the mother’s hypothyroidism could have been caused by TBAbs, a hypothesis which is

Article Type:
Case Report
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000509015
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 2
Free access