Department of Endocrinology, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, United Kingdom
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Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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treated as a homogenous group irrespective of age to aim for serum thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels within the population reference range (generally in the range of 0.4–4.0 mU/L) [ 8 ]. But, thyroxine metabolism is altered in advanced age, and “age
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reference range. Introduction The most common causes of thyroid dysfunction are autoimmune diseases, some of which can be caused by antibodies such as TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs). Two types of TRAbs can be distinguished: TSH receptor
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
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EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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[ 17 , 18 ]. While the effects of overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction on cardiac function have been well characterized [ 19 , 20 ], the association of thyroid hormone levels within the reference range with cardiac function remains uncertain
Department of Medicine, Thyroid Outpatient Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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School of Medicine, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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TSH levels within the reference range (0.46–1.44, 1.45–1.97, 1.98–2.68, and 2.69–4.68 mUI/L). The international physical activity questionnaire (iPAQ) was used to evaluate the physical activity level in the last week [ 30 ]. The presence of NAFLD
Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, UK
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within reference range serum FT 4 on two occasions separated by at least 3 months. This algorithm is meant as a guide and clinicians are expected to use their discretion and judgement in interpreting the age threshold around 70 years. * Depending on
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-specific reference range has not been established yet. Actually, for the determination of TSH pregnancy-specific reference range, the European Thyroid Association and American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines propose to exclude the following conditions: TAI
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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physiological changes in maternal thyroid function occur, and it is well-established that these changes necessitate pregnancy-specific reference ranges for thyroid function tests in pregnant women ( 3 ). The use of trimester-specific reference ranges is
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Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in pregnancy is defined by a serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration higher than the upper limit of the pregnancy-related reference range associated with a normal serum thyroxine [T 4
DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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1 ). In all three studies individuals with a TSH <0.3 mIU/l were in the median older than individuals with a TSH in the reference range. This difference was more pronounced in the SHIP studies than in CARLA. In the SHIP studies, individuals with a
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Ruhr Center for Rare Diseases (CeSER), Ruhr University of Bochum and Witten/Herdecke University, Bochum, Germany
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3 ) and FT 4 , which also maintain interdependent equilibrium positions. While allowing for greater flexibility in the physiological responses of individuals across the euthyroid reference range, this may demand significant variation in the