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Introduction Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) is widely accepted as the most accurate and cost-effective diagnostic procedure in the assessment of thyroid nodules. The Bethesda System outlines the diagnostic categories for thyroid nodules
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Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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children should be the same as in adults with a few exceptions. In particular, clinical context and US characteristics should be used rather than size to identify nodules that warrant fine-needle aspiration (FNA), because the use of nodule size as a
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metastasis from ccRCC (HE ×200). D2. Immunohistochemistry shows CD10 (+) (HE ×400). Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and core needle biopsy (CNB) were performed on the left lobe nodule. The FNAB results were classified as Bethesda 2. CNB showed
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with surgery, active surveillance, or local treatment, depending on the size of the nodule ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ). Given the high rate of thyroid nodules, most of which are benign, to reduce fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and unnecessary surgery
Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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Introduction Clinical management of the thyroid nodules is based on a combination of clinical risk factors, functional status, ultrasound patterns, and cytologic findings when fine needle aspiration (FNA) is indicated ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
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ultrasound (US) criteria and possibly fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), malignancy rates may be overestimated and will not necessarily reflect the chances of a nodule being first diagnosed by palpation or imaging methods. On the other hand, ROM may as
Medical School, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Obesity Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Foundation & University Teaching Trust, Salford, UK
Medical School, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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recurrence ( 5 ). As such, physicians managing thyroid nodules need to identify the patients with ‘clinically significant’ carcinomas without subjecting too many people to invasive procedures i.e. fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies and thyroidectomies
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Introduction For more than three decades, the cornerstones in the clinical management of patients with thyroid nodules have been ultrasound (US) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA) ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Robust evidence demonstrates that the
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.7%), Bethesda III ( n = 16; 34%), Bethesda IV ( n = 8; 17%), and Bethesda V ( n = 1; 2.1%) ( Fig. 4 ). Figure 4 Cytological evaluation by fine needle aspiration (FNA) of 46 autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN). Bethesda categories II, III
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Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Departments of Medicine, Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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malignancy risk stratification information, in addition to patient characteristics, clinicians make a decision between pursuing further diagnostic testing (usually in the form of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)), repeating ultrasound imaging, or