Yoon Young Cho
Yoon Young Cho
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hye Won Jang
Hye Won Jang
Department of Medical Education, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ji Young Joung
Ji Young Joung
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sun-Mi Park
Sun-Mi Park
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Dae Joon Jeong
Dae Joon Jeong
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sun Wook Kim
Sun Wook Kim
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jae Hoon Chung
Jae Hoon Chung
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Introduction Childhood thyroid cancer is a rare malignancy, but its incidence has been gradually increasing according to several epidemiologic studies [ 1 , 2 ]. An increase in the incidence of childhood thyroid cancer (aged 0-14 years) was
Rima Bėrontienė
Rima Bėrontienė
Clinics of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Edita Jašinskienė
Edita Jašinskienė
Clinics of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Rosita Kiudelienė
Rosita Kiudelienė
Clinics of Pediatrics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Gintaras Kuprionis
Gintaras Kuprionis
Clinics of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Jurgita Makštienė
Jurgita Makštienė
Clinics of Pathology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Raminta Macaitytė
Raminta Macaitytė
Clinics of Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Dalia Marčiulionytė
Dalia Marčiulionytė
Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Lina Poškienė
Lina Poškienė
Clinics of Pathology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Agnė Šemetaitė
Agnė Šemetaitė
Clinics of Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Vygantas Šidlauskas
Vygantas Šidlauskas
Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Raimondas Valickas
Raimondas Valickas
Clinics of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Rimantas Žalinkevičius
Rimantas Žalinkevičius
Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Rasa Verkauskienė
Rasa Verkauskienė
Clinics of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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-90% in adults [ 5 ]. A decade after the Chernobyl accident in 1986, the incidence of TC in children had increased dramatically, especially in the most radiation-contaminated areas of Belarus, Ukraine and Russia [ 6 ]. The Chernobyl accident demonstrated
Ladan Mehran
Ladan Mehran
Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Atieh Amouzegar
Atieh Amouzegar
Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hengameh Abdi
Hengameh Abdi
Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Negar Delbari
Negar Delbari
Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Elham Madreseh
Elham Madreseh
Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Maryam Tohidi
Maryam Tohidi
Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mohammad Ali Mansournia
Mohammad Ali Mansournia
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fereidoun Azizi
Fereidoun Azizi
Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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individuals with and without MetS as well as evaluating the incidence of TD and trend of thyroid hormones according to the MetS group, during a 10 year follow-up in an iodine sufficient population. Materials and Methods Study Design TTS is a
Santiago Tofé
Santiago Tofé
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Iñaki Argüelles
Iñaki Argüelles
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Ana Forteza
Ana Forteza
Department of Pathology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Cristina Álvarez
Cristina Álvarez
Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Alessandra Repetto
Alessandra Repetto
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Luis Masmiquel
Luis Masmiquel
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Son Llatzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Irene Rodríguez
Irene Rodríguez
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Son Llatzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Eladio Losada
Eladio Losada
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Can Misses, Ibiza, Spain
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Nuria Sukunza
Nuria Sukunza
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de Manacor, Manacor, Spain
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María Cabrer
María Cabrer
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Comarcal de Inca, Inca, Spain
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Mildred Sifontes
Mildred Sifontes
Department of Pathology, Hospital Mateu Orfila, Menorca, Spain
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María del Mar del Barrio
María del Mar del Barrio
Department of Pathology, Hospital Mateu Orfila, Menorca, Spain
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Antonia Barceló
Antonia Barceló
Department of Laboratory, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Álvaro Tofé
Álvaro Tofé
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
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Vicente Pereg
Vicente Pereg
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Introduction Thyroid cancer (TC) represents 3% of the global incidence of all cancers, with 586,000 new patients estimated in 2020 worldwide ( https://gco.iarc.fr/today/home ). It is the most frequent endocrine cancer and its global incidence
Jeppe Lerche la Cour
Jeppe Lerche la Cour
Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, Herlev, Denmark
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Line Tang Møllehave
Line Tang Møllehave
Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region, Denmark
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Bjarke Røssner Medici
Bjarke Røssner Medici
Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, Herlev, Denmark
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Christian Zinck Jensen
Christian Zinck Jensen
Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, Herlev, Denmark
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Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard
Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard
Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region, Denmark
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Birte Nygaard
Birte Nygaard
Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, Herlev, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Introduction
High compared with low educational level increases the odds of starting levothyroxine (L-T4) with a normal thyroid-stimulating hormone – the mechanism is most likely patient request. The use of liothyronine (L-T3) and desiccated thyroid extract (DTE) is also speculated to be initiated at patients’ request. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate if educational level influences treatment with L-T3 and DTE.
Material and methods
In this register-based cross-sectional study, we included all Danish citizens ≥30 years with redeemed prescription of L-T4, L-T3, or DTE during 2017–2020. We defined educational levels as short, medium, and long (<10 years, 10–12 years, and above 12 years, respectively). The association between educational level and treatment with LT3 or DTE vs only LT4 was analyzed in logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex.
Results
We included 154,360 individuals using thyroid medication of whom 3829 were treated with L-T3 (2.48%) and 430 with DTE (0.28%). The usage was highest among women (3.15%) and the age group 40–49 (5.6%). Longer education compared with short increased the odds of being treated with DTE or L-T3 (medium education odds ratio (OR) 1.61 (95% CI 1.50–1.8) and long education OR 1.95 (95% CI 1.79–2.13)). Test for trend: OR: 1.37 (95% CI 1.31–1.42). Adjustment for other covariates did not affect the results substantially.
Conclusion
Persons with a longer compared to a shorter education are more often treated with either DTE or L-T3, and the usage of these drugs is limited to less than 3% of thyroid hormone users.
Kanhaiyalal Agrawal
Kanhaiyalal Agrawal
Departments of Nuclear Medicine, London, UK
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James Weaver
James Weaver
Departments of King's College London, London, UK
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Fahim Ul-Hassan
Fahim Ul-Hassan
Departments of Nuclear Medicine, London, UK
Departments of Clinical PET Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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Departments of Clinical PET Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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Jean-Pierre Jeannon
Jean-Pierre Jeannon
Departments of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, London, UK
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Ricard Simo
Ricard Simo
Departments of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, London, UK
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Paul Carroll
Paul Carroll
Departments of Consultant Endocrinologist, London, UK
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Johnathan G. Hubbard
Johnathan G. Hubbard
Departments of Consultant Endocrine Surgeon, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Ashish Chandra
Ashish Chandra
Departments of Histopathology/Cytology, London, UK
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Hosahalli Krishnamurthy Mohan
Hosahalli Krishnamurthy Mohan
Departments of Nuclear Medicine, London, UK
Departments of Clinical PET Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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Departments of Clinical PET Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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of thyroid incidentalomas on 18 F-FDG PET varies from 0.2 to 10.1% in different studies [ 4 ]. This could well be related to variation in geographic area, number of patients studied and patient characteristics. The incidence of malignant neoplasm
Brigitte Decallonne
Brigitte Decallonne
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Annick Van den Bruel
Annick Van den Bruel
Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital St Jan, Bruges, Belgium
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Gilles Macq
Gilles Macq
Department of Research, Belgian Cancer Registry, Brussels, Belgium
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Nathalie Elaut
Nathalie Elaut
Department of Research, Belgian Cancer Registry, Brussels, Belgium
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Harlinde De Schutter
Harlinde De Schutter
Department of Research, Belgian Cancer Registry, Brussels, Belgium
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Introduction In Belgium, higher thyroid cancer incidence – most pronounced for microcancers (T1a) – is present in the Southern region, Wallonia, compared to the Northern region, Flanders. In a pioneer national population
Carles Zafon
Carles Zafon
Department of Endocrinology, Spain
Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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Juan Antonio Baena
Juan Antonio Baena
Endocrine, Bariatric and Metabolic Unit, Department of General Surgery, Spain
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Josep Castellví
Josep Castellví
Department of Pathology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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Gabriel Obiols
Gabriel Obiols
Department of Endocrinology, Spain
Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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Oscar Gonzalez
Oscar Gonzalez
Endocrine, Bariatric and Metabolic Unit, Department of General Surgery, Spain
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José Manuel Fort
José Manuel Fort
Endocrine, Bariatric and Metabolic Unit, Department of General Surgery, Spain
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Ramon Vilallonga
Ramon Vilallonga
Endocrine, Bariatric and Metabolic Unit, Department of General Surgery, Spain
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Enric Caubet
Enric Caubet
Endocrine, Bariatric and Metabolic Unit, Department of General Surgery, Spain
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Manuel Armengol
Manuel Armengol
Endocrine, Bariatric and Metabolic Unit, Department of General Surgery, Spain
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Jordi Mesa
Jordi Mesa
Department of Endocrinology, Spain
Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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Introduction Numerous studies have shown a worldwide increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) in recent years [ 1 ] due to the increased frequency of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The reason for this increase is not well
Diana Borges Duarte
Diana Borges Duarte
Division of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Vânia Benido Silva
Vânia Benido Silva
Division of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Guilherme Assunção
Guilherme Assunção
Division of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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André Couto Carvalho
André Couto Carvalho
Division of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Cláudia Freitas
Cláudia Freitas
Division of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Introduction Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is the most common endocrine gland malignancy, most frequently diagnosed among women between the ages of 45 and 54 years ( 1 , 2 ). Despite the increasing incidence worldwide over the last
Emilie Sonne-Holm
Emilie Sonne-Holm
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Christoffer Holst Hahn
Christoffer Holst Hahn
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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asymptomatic and self-limiting but can also lead to hypocalcaemia with symptoms of paraesthesia and muscle spasms manifesting within the first 24 h after surgery [ 14 ]. The incidence of complication varying from 1 to 50% [ 3 , 10 , 14 - 16 ] is in part
