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  • Thyroid autoimmunity x
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Jinrong Fu Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

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Zihao Fan Department of Geriatrics, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Liang He Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

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Qian Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China

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He Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

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Yushu Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

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Haixia Guan Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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inflammation in the development of AIT. To test this hypothesis, we examined the circadian characteristics in AIT and investigated the effects of light shift (LS) on thyroid inflammation. Materials and methods Recruitment of patients and sample

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Jacopo Manso Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy

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Simona Censi Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Cristina Clausi Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Ilaria Piva Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Yi Hang Zhu Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Alberto Mondin Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Maria Chiara Pedron Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Susi Barollo Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Loris Bertazza Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Giulia Midena Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Raffaele Parrozzani Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Caterina Mian Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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natural course a progressive (active) phase lasting 6–18 months where inflammation is florid and a subsequent quiescent (inactive) phase where fibrotic processes are prevalent ( 4 ). There are many grading systems for evaluating TED severity, such as the

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Haitao Zhang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Hao Hu Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Yueyue Wang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Xinjie Duan Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Lu Chen Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Jiang Zhou Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Wen Chen Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Weizhong Zhang Department of Ophthalmology, The Friendship Hospital of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Ili & Jiangsu Joint Institute of Health, Ili, China
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Xiaoquan Xu Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Huanhuan Chen Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Introduction Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a specific autoimmune condition associated with inflammation of the thyroid, orbit, and periorbital tissues ( 1 , 2 ) that often endangers the patient’s vision and appearance ( 3 ). TED patients

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Michele Marinò Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Giovanna Rotondo Dottore Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Francesca Menconi Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Simone Comi Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Giada Cosentino Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Roberto Rocchi Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Francesco Latrofa Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Michele Figus Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Ophthalmopathy Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Ferruccio Santini Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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in inflammation, such as IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were also overexpressed. Furthermore, the expression of CYR61 was greater in the active phase than in the chronic phase of GO. A similar study was

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Henry B Burch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Petros Perros Department of Endocrinology, Leazes Wing, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Tomasz Bednarczuk Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

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David S Cooper Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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Peter J Dolman Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Angela M Leung Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Ilse Mombaerts Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Mario Salvi Department of Clinical and Community Services, Graves’ Orbitopathy Center, Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy

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Marius N Stan Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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item scores 1 point if present a   Spontaneous retrobulbar pain   Pain on attempted up or lateral gaze   Redness of the eyelids   Redness of the conjunctiva   Swelling of the eyelids   Inflammation of the caruncle and

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Joanna Bogusławska Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Marlena Godlewska Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Ewa Gajda Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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are characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland, which, however, differently affects thyroid function. In the case of HT, the resulting inflammation leads to follicular cell damage, thyroid gland destruction, and development of

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Liyun Shen Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Lei Ye Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Wei Zhu Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Qin Jiao Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yulin Zhou Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Shu Wang Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Weiqing Wang Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Guang Ning Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects with chronic low-dose treatment in many autoimmune diseases. A study used MTX alone as second-line therapy in GO patients who failed to respond to MP and found that 29% achieved a VISA (vision loss, inflammation, strabismus

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Petros Perros Department of Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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. Intravenous glucocorticoids remain the treatment of choice for patients whose principal clinical feature is soft tissue inflammation. Teprotumumab may be considered in patients whose principal feature is soft tissue inflammation, and there are prevailing

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Renaud Ciappuccini Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Unit, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France
INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Caen University, Caen, France

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Virginie Saguet-Rysanek Department of Pathology, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France

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Marine Dorbeau Department of Pathology, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France

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Justine Lequesne Department of Clinical Research, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France

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Camille Linard Department of Pathology, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France

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Sophie Lefevre-Arbogast Department of Clinical Research, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France

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Bénédicte Clarisse Department of Clinical Research, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France

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Stéphane Bardet Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Unit, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France

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previously shown in an aseptic inflammation model ( 12 ) and in the vessel walls of the abdominal aorta and aneurysms ( 13 , 14 ). Karantanis et al. suggested that fibrosis might also play a role in 18 FDG uptake ( 6 ). Our results also show that a high

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Luigi Bartalena University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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in almost all cases, except, perhaps, for the mildest cases within the spectrum of active, moderate-to-severe GO. In fact, it is rare that significant inflammation (activity) is not associated with some degree of diplopia and/or exophthalmos, and

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