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, preclinical safety studies of repetitive ITB The ability of the thyroid gland to concentrate iodide is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones through a complex mechanism involving several functional proteins ( 14 , 15 ). The levels of circulating
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hormone receptors (THR) ( 4 , 5 ). TH are synthesised within the thyroid gland follicles, monolayers of polarised thyrocytes enclosing a large extracellular lumen ( Fig. 1A and B ) ( 1 ). The synthesis of TH is stimulated by thyrotropin (or thyroid
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, and shellfish. The thyroid gland traps iodide (I − ), which is then oxidized and bound to thyroglobulin. This reduced anionic chemical species of the element iodine is crucial to produce thyroid hormones, which are composed of covalently bound iodine
Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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); thus, close monitoring for possible health concerns is warranted. The possible mechanisms of excess iodine-induced thyroid enlargement include autoimmune-mediated lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland or a compensatory increase in TSH levels
Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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was validated in a recent article on the relationship between TH sensitivity and diabetes mellitus ( 1 ). The TFQI based on the empirical joint distribution of fT4 and TSH has the advantage of not yielding extreme values in the case of thyroid gland
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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-adequate iodine intake in the general population, the iodine intake in pregnant women is still markedly below the recommended level in Denmark and many other countries, which is a major concern. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland are well
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULiège), CHU (B35), Liege, Belgium
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Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULiège), CHU (B35), Liege, Belgium
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Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULiège), CHU (B35), Liege, Belgium
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cm), presence of thyroiditis (an inflammatory autoimmune condition of the thyroid gland diagnosed at histology and/or by the presence of circulating autoantibodies), presurgical TSH levels, and BRAF mutational status. This model was also employed to