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Hrvoje Jakovac Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

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Antun Ferenčić Department of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

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Christophe Stemberger Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

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Bojana Mohar Vitezić Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

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Dražen Cuculić Department of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

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mechanical ventilation was introduced, but despite intensive treatment, he died 4 h after admission. The body underwent autopsy which showed acute respiratory distress syndrome as a cause of death. Besides, samples of thyroid gland obtained from the deceased

Article Type:
Case Report
Collections:
Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-22-0005
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access
Laure Felix Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

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Peggy Jacon Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

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Maxime Lugosi Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

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Justine Cristante Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

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Julie Roux Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

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Olivier Chabre Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

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occurs. In conclusion, we show that the evolution of unenhanced radiological thyroid gland density is closely related to the evolution of thyroid function throughout the whole time course of AIT. This suggests that measurement of thyroid gland

Article Type:
Case Report
Collections:
Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0047
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 1
Open access
Sébastien Verdickt Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Falco Van Nes Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Carolien Moyson Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Toon Maes Department of Endocrinology, Imeldaziekenhuis Bonheiden, Bonheiden, Belgium

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Paul Van Crombrugge Department of Endocrinology, OLV Ziekenhuis Aalst-Asse-Ninove, Aalst, Belgium

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Annick Van den Bruel Department of Endocrinology, AZ Sint Jan Brugge, Brugge, Belgium

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Brigitte Decallonne Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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( 1 ). Several studies identified pre-treatment parameters that could help in the prediction of the thyroid functional outcome such as age, gender, thyroid gland volume, free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) at diagnosis, and thyroid

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-22-0047
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 4
Open access
Bruno Bouça Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Ana Cláudia Martins Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Paula Bogalho Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Lídia Sousa Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Tiago Bilhim Interventional Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Filipe Veloso Gomes Interventional Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Élia Coimbra Interventional Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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Ana Agapito Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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José Silva-Nunes Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

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occurring in a normal thyroid gland. A mixed type is also recognized. AIT can be a dangerous condition because it may exacerbate underlying cardiac abnormalities leading to increased morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with left ventricular

Article Type:
Case Report
Collections:
Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0007
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 1
Open access
Sofia Macedo Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Ana Pestana Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Liliana Santos Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
North Lisbon University Hospital Center, Lisbon, Portugal

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Celestino Neves Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal

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Susana Guimarães Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal

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Amaro Duarte-Neto Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Marisa Dolhnikoff Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Paulo Saldiva Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Georgina Alves Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Rute Oliveira Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Didier Cabanes Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Fátima Carneiro Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal

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Manuel Sobrinho-Simões Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal

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Paula Soares Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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also affect endocrine organs, such as the thyroid gland ( 1 , 2 ). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor was reported as the functional receptor of the SARS-CoV virus ( 3 ). Recent studies reported that SARS-CoV-2 also employs the same

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-22-0074
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 4
Open access
Hippolyte Dupuis Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
University of Lille, Lille, France

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Emilie Merlen Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France

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Arnaud Jannin Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
University of Lille, Lille, France

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Philippe Jamme University of Lille, Lille, France
Department of Dermatology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France

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Alexandre Fagart Department of Nuclear Medicine, Valenciennes Hospital Center, Valenciennes, France

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Marie-Christine Vantyghem Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
University of Lille, Lille, France

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Miriam Ladsous Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France

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-FDG uptake (SUV max 9.5) was observed in the thyroid gland under ICI treatment and then regressed after ICI withdrawal, coinciding with thyroid atrophy and hypothyroidism ( Fig. 3 ). Elevated uptake of several cervical lymph nodes was associated with thyroid

Article Type:
Case Report
Collections:
Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-22-0024
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 4
Open access
Caiyan Mo Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Han Chen Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Qi Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ying Guo Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Liyong Zhong Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Introduction Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. The annual incidence is 20–50 cases per 100,000 people, with a peak incidence between the ages of 30 and 50. The

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-22-0223
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Open access
J Karmisholt Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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S L Andersen Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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I Bulow-Pedersen Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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A Krejbjerg Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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B Nygaard Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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A Carlé Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Introduction Graves’ hyperthyroidism (GH) is an autoimmune disease mainly affecting the thyroid gland ( 1 , 2 ). The disease is usually transient with remission occurring within a period of 1–2 years after treatment with anti-thyroid drugs

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-22-0031
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 3
Open access
Sara De Vincentis Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy

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Simona Loiacono Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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Eleonora Zanni Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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Roberta Sueri Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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Maria Laura Monzani Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy

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Daniele Santi Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy

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Ilaria Muller Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Department of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

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Francesco Di Marco School of Specialisation in Endocrinology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Erica Crivicich School of Specialisation in Endocrinology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Mirco Armenti School of Specialisation in Endocrinology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Uberto Pagotto Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Care and Prevention Unit, IRCCS Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy

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Lorenzo Tucci Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Care and Prevention Unit, IRCCS Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy

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Carolina Cecchetti Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Care and Prevention Unit, IRCCS Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy

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Tommaso Trenti Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomy Pathology, Azienda USL Modena, Modena, Italy

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Valentina Pecoraro Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomy Pathology, Azienda USL Modena, Modena, Italy

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Giulia Canu Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomy Pathology, Azienda USL Modena, Modena, Italy

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Manuela Simoni Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy

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Giulia Brigante Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy

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, 13 ) have been reported in the literature. Different possible theories have been elaborated to explain this thyroid involvement during the COVID-19 era. One of the most accredited hypotheses suggests that the thyroid gland is a potential target for

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-24-0083
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 3
Open access
Stefan Matei Constantinescu Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium

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Julien Hospel Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium

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Chantal Daumerie Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium

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Orsalia Alexopoulou Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium

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Dominique Maiter Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium

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Maria-Cristina Burlacu Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium

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pathogenic role in autoimmune thyroid diseases ( 5 ). Both HT and GD are autoimmune thyroid diseases, but their genetic causes, associated immune system alterations and effects on the thyroid gland are fundamentally different. Moreover, new work focusing on

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0193
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 6
Open access