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Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Departments of Medicine, Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Introduction Thyroid ultrasound (TUS) is the most sensitive and cost-effective modality for the evaluation of thyroid nodules ( 1 ). When thyroid nodules are incidentally discovered on other imaging modalities, current guidelines suggest that
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Introduction For more than three decades, the cornerstones in the clinical management of patients with thyroid nodules have been ultrasound (US) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA) ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Robust evidence demonstrates that the
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Introduction Risk stratification of thyroid nodules uses ultrasound features predictive of benign or malignant disease to identify nodules that should undergo biopsy. Biopsy is an invasive procedure and may not yield a final diagnosis one out
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crucial determinants of serum TSH ( 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ). When scintigraphy is routinely performed in thyroid nodule workup, it allows detection of AFTN at early stages before progression to subclinical and/or overt hyperthyroidism. Ultrasound
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Established facts Already known fact 1: Thyroid metastasis from ccRCC is relatively rare, so ultrasound doctors lack experience with the disease, which can easily lead to misdiagnosis. There is little discussion about its ultrasonographic
Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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nodules has enhanced the need for endocrinologists to be able to define the risk of malignancy as accurately as possible ( 2 ). Ultrasound (US) is the first-line method to identify malignant thyroid nodules with the advantages of accessibility, cost
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patient into consideration. Based on the aforementioned, ultrasound (US) screening of asymptomatic adults is discouraged. Thus, the present guidelines aim at providing a clinical practice guide for the initial workup and the subsequent management of adult
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Introduction Inclusion of thyroid ultrasound in the routine diagnostic workup greatly increased the number of thyroid nodules detected ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ). According to epidemiological studies, a prevalence of up to 65% of the adult
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and/or esthetic discomfort ( 3 , 4 ) surgery is traditionally viewed as the first-line treatment. However, surgery for benign TNs is likely to be presently overused in Europe ( 5 ), and ultrasound-guided interventional techniques stand as a reasonable
Servizio di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
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University of Latvia, Faculty of Medicine, Riga, Latvia
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Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
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). Considering the epidemiological figures and potential oncological implications, international guidelines recommend an immediate malignancy risk assessment for newly diagnosed TNs, and ultrasound (US) is universally recognized as the first-line diagnostic