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Introduction Thanks to the results of DECISION and SELECT trials, sorafenib and lenvatinib are the only MKIs approved by both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medical Agency (EMA) for the first-line treatment of
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Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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, including chemotherapy and external beam radiation therapy, remains limited in these challenging settings. In recent years, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as sorafenib and lenvatinib have highlighted new therapeutic options for the treatment of
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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RAI. However, some FTCs become refractory to RAI. Multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sorafenib and lenvatinib are utilized for treating RAI-refractory FTCs ( 8 , 9 ). Numerous guidelines regarding differentiated thyroid carcinoma have been
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Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
Nova Medical School: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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MKIs sorafenib and lenvatinib for the treatment of metastatic progressive differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) of follicular origin. These drugs now play a major role as first-line targeted therapy for such tumors. Progression-free survival was 10
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patient refused vandetanib treatment. Similarly, another team showed a rapid response with sorafenib, but sorafenib was not approved for MTC ( 10 ). Here, we report successful treatment of Cushing’s syndrome with RET-targeted therapy in a patient with
College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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number of brain metastases). Progressive thyroid cancer was preferentially treated with RAI therapy; TKIs, including sorafenib or lenvatinib, were administered when the cumulative RAI dose exceeded 600 mCi. Following the confirmation of brain metastasis
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NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas of Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Unidade Investigação Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas of Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Unidade Investigação Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been used in PDTC patients enrolled in clinical trials targeting RAI-refractory DTC. To date, sorafenib and lenvatinib have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and European Medical Agency for first
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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, 3 ). In particular, in Europe, sorafenib and lenvatinib (LEN) can be used as-first line and cabozantinib as second-line treatment for RAI-R DTCs, while vandetanib and cabozantinib are first-line compounds for MTCs. In phase III trials, these drugs
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Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Italy
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survival of only 10% ( 7 , 9 , 10 ). Systemic therapies are an important treatment option for RAI refractoriness DTC. Among these, multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) are most frequently used, and lenvatinib, sorafenib, and cabozantinib have been approved for
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BM 150 (0–425) BM surgery 23 (36.5%) BM radiotherapy 32 (50.8%) TKI treatment 25 (39.7%) Lenvatinib first line 8 (32%) Sorafenib first line 7 (28%) Lenvatinib second line 9 (36%) Axitinib