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Caroline M J van Kinschot Department of Internal Medicine, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Ivona Lončar Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Tessa M van Ginhoven Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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W Edward Visser Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Robin P Peeters Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Charlotte van Noord Department of Internal Medicine, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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the Thyroid Network Study Group †
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the Thyroid Network Study Group

observations is needed in hospitals with varying numbers of thyroid surgeries and experience. Therefore, we developed a symptom-based treatment algorithm for our multicenter thyroid network. A protocolized schedule to phase out supplementation was included

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Cosimo Durante Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Agnieszka Czarniecka M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research, Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland

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Ralf Paschke Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Gilles Russ Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University GRC N°16, Paris, France

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Fernando Schmitt Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, CINTESIS@RISE and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal

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Paula Soares Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (I3S), Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Tamas Solymosi Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinic, Bugat Hospital, Gyöngyös, Hungary

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Enrico Papini Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano, Rome, Italy

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Introduction A thyroid nodule is a discrete lesion within the thyroid gland that is ultrasonographically distinct from the surrounding thyroid parenchyma. With the widespread use of sensitive imaging techniques, which include neck

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Pi-Ling Chiang Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan

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Sheng-Dean Luo Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Yen-Hsiang Chang Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Chen-Kai Chou Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Shun-Yu Chi Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Departments of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Yi-Fan Chen Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan

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Wei-Che Lin Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Department of Radiology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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Introduction Thyroid nodules are a common and usually benign occurrence. Previous studies have reported prevalence rates of 2–6% with palpation, and 19–35% with ultrasound ( 1 ). With the current widespread use of ultrasound in clinical

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Laura Fugazzola Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Maurilio Deandrea Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Stefano Borgato Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Marco Dell’Acqua Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Francesca Retta Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Alberto Mormile Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Chiara Carzaniga Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Giacomo Gazzano Pathology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Gabriele Pogliaghi Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Marina Muzza Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Luca Persani Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Introduction Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective treatment for thyroid nodules, with a mean volume reduction ranging 50–90% at 1-year follow-up ( 1 ). As a general rule, the smaller the treated nodule the higher the volume reduction

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Aglaia Kyrilli Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Nunzia Tacelli Department of Radiology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Lucia Russo Department of Medicine, DIMED, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy

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Laetitia Lebrun Department of Pathology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Isabelle Salmon Department of Pathology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Gilles Russ Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors, Institute of Endocrinology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France

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Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, Brussels, Belgium

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Bernard Corvilain Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Introduction Thyroid nodules are a very frequent problem in routine clinical practice ( 1 , 2 ). In regions with past or current iodine insufficiency, such as many European countries, the prevalence of autonomously functioning thyroid nodules

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Tommaso Piticchio Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Servizio di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland

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Gilles Russ Department of Thyroid and Endocrine Tumor Diseases, La Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, 83 Bd de l’Hopital, Paris, France

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Maija Radzina Riga Stradins University, Radiology Research Laboratory, Riga, Latvia
University of Latvia, Faculty of Medicine, Riga, Latvia

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Francesco Frasca Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Cosimo Durante Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Pierpaolo Trimboli Servizio di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland

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Introduction Thyroid nodules (TNs) are frequently found in the general population, especially among women and the elderly. Research has observed TNs in up to 70% of screened adults, with around 5% potentially harboring cancer ( 1

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Tomohiro Kikuchi Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo–ku, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

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Shouhei Hanaoka Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo–ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Takahiro Nakao Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo–ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Yukihiro Nomura Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo–ku, Tokyo, Japan
Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoicho, Inage–ku, Chiba, Japan

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Takeharu Yoshikawa Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo–ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Ashraful Alam Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo–ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Harushi Mori Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

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Naoto Hayashi Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo–ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Introduction Abnormal 18F–fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) accumulation in the thyroid gland is observed in 5% of patients ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). The standardized uptake value (SUV) and pattern of accumulation (focal, diffuse, and diffuse-plus-focal) are

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Hai-Yan Jia Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Juan Chen Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Zi-Xin Zhai Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Wen-Wen Fan Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Si-Jie Yuan Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Qiong Liu Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Xiao-Hui Yan Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Qian-Qian Shen Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Li-Ping Liu Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

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Established facts Already known fact 1: Thyroid metastasis from ccRCC is relatively rare, so ultrasound doctors lack experience with the disease, which can easily lead to misdiagnosis. There is little discussion about its ultrasonographic

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Alessia Cozzolino Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Tiziana Filardi Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Ilaria Simonelli Service of Medical Statistics and Information Technology, Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, Rome, Italy
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

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Giorgio Grani Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Camilla Virili Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Latina, Italy

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Ilaria Stramazzo Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Latina, Italy

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Maria Giulia Santaguida Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Latina, Italy

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Pietro Locantore Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

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Massimo Maurici Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

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Daniele Gianfrilli Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Andrea M Isidori Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Cosimo Durante Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Carlotta Pozza Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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on behalf of TALENT Group
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on behalf of TALENT Group

Introduction Thyroid nodular disease is less frequent in children than in adults. The prevalence of palpable nodules in the adult population is 4–7%, and when the detection is made by ultrasound (US) or autoptic exam, the percentage arise to

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Kristine Z Swan Department of ORL, Head- and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Johnson Thomas Department of Endocrinology, Mercy Hospital, Springfield, Missouri, USA

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Viveque E Nielsen Department of ORL, Head- and Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Marie Louise Jespersen Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Steen J Bonnema Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Introduction Risk stratification of thyroid nodules uses ultrasound features predictive of benign or malignant disease to identify nodules that should undergo biopsy. Biopsy is an invasive procedure and may not yield a final diagnosis one out

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