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Marta Nascimento Soares
Marta Nascimento Soares
Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Marta Borges-Canha
Marta Borges-Canha
Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine from the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine from the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Celestino Neves
Celestino Neves
Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Institute for Research Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Institute for Research Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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João Sérgio Neves
João Sérgio Neves
Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine from the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine from the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Davide Carvalho
Davide Carvalho
Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Institute for Research Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Institute for Research Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Introduction Graves' disease is an autoimmune thyroid disease, being the most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism ( 1 ). It is caused by the production of autoantibodies (thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs)) against the thyrotropin receptor
Laure Felix
Laure Felix
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Peggy Jacon
Peggy Jacon
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Maxime Lugosi
Maxime Lugosi
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Justine Cristante
Justine Cristante
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Julie Roux
Julie Roux
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Olivier Chabre
Olivier Chabre
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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tomography (FDG-PET) with integrated unenhanced CT scan. Although there was no thyroid signal on FDG PET, we noticed that in the unenhanced CT scan the thyroid had become 'white', suggesting that intrathyroid accumulation of iodine brought by amiodarone acted
Sofia Macedo
Sofia Macedo
Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Ana Pestana
Ana Pestana
Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Liliana Santos
Liliana Santos
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
North Lisbon University Hospital Center, Lisbon, Portugal
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
North Lisbon University Hospital Center, Lisbon, Portugal
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Celestino Neves
Celestino Neves
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
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University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
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Susana Guimarães
Susana Guimarães
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
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University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
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Amaro Duarte-Neto
Amaro Duarte-Neto
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marisa Dolhnikoff
Marisa Dolhnikoff
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Paulo Saldiva
Paulo Saldiva
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Georgina Alves
Georgina Alves
Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Rute Oliveira
Rute Oliveira
Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Didier Cabanes
Didier Cabanes
Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Fátima Carneiro
Fátima Carneiro
Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
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Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
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Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
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Paula Soares
Paula Soares
Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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also affect endocrine organs, such as the thyroid gland ( 1 , 2 ). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor was reported as the functional receptor of the SARS-CoV virus ( 3 ). Recent studies reported that SARS-CoV-2 also employs the same
Hrvoje Jakovac
Hrvoje Jakovac
Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Antun Ferenčić
Antun Ferenčić
Department of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Christophe Stemberger
Christophe Stemberger
Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Bojana Mohar Vitezić
Bojana Mohar Vitezić
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Dražen Cuculić
Dražen Cuculić
Department of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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histopathological correlates underlying thyroid involvement remained unresolved, but current insights suggest either direct viral damage, systemic inflammatory reaction or an autoimmune response as possible noxious effectors ( 4 ). Here, we present findings of
Bruno Bouça
Bruno Bouça
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ana Cláudia Martins
Ana Cláudia Martins
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
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Paula Bogalho
Paula Bogalho
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
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Lídia Sousa
Lídia Sousa
Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
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Tiago Bilhim
Tiago Bilhim
Interventional Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
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Filipe Veloso Gomes
Filipe Veloso Gomes
Interventional Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
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Élia Coimbra
Élia Coimbra
Interventional Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ana Agapito
Ana Agapito
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
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José Silva-Nunes
José Silva-Nunes
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
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content (37.5% of its molecular weight) and structural similarity to thyroxine, abnormalities in thyroid function are common, especially with long-term use. The reported incidence of thyrotoxicosis is 3–9% in the general population, increasing to 21% in
Agneta Lindo
Agneta Lindo
Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
The National Task Force in Hyperthyroidism, Swedish National System for Knowledge-Driven Management, Umeå, Sweden
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Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
The National Task Force in Hyperthyroidism, Swedish National System for Knowledge-Driven Management, Umeå, Sweden
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Anne Breikert
Anne Breikert
The National Task Force in Hyperthyroidism, Swedish National System for Knowledge-Driven Management, Umeå, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
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Peter Lakwijk
Peter Lakwijk
The National Task Force in Hyperthyroidism, Swedish National System for Knowledge-Driven Management, Umeå, Sweden
Thyroid Federation International, Kungsbacka, Sweden
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Thyroid Federation International, Kungsbacka, Sweden
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Christin Lundberg
Christin Lundberg
The National Task Force in Hyperthyroidism, Swedish National System for Knowledge-Driven Management, Umeå, Sweden
Swedish Thyroid Association, Stockholm, Sweden
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Swedish Thyroid Association, Stockholm, Sweden
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Katarina Lunner
Katarina Lunner
The National Task Force in Hyperthyroidism, Swedish National System for Knowledge-Driven Management, Umeå, Sweden
Swedish Thyroid Association, Stockholm, Sweden
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Swedish Thyroid Association, Stockholm, Sweden
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Birgitta Johansson
Birgitta Johansson
Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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Helena Filipsson Nyström
Helena Filipsson Nyström
Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
The National Task Force in Hyperthyroidism, Swedish National System for Knowledge-Driven Management, Umeå, Sweden
Sweden and Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Västra Götaland Region, Göteborg, Sweden
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Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
The National Task Force in Hyperthyroidism, Swedish National System for Knowledge-Driven Management, Umeå, Sweden
Sweden and Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Västra Götaland Region, Göteborg, Sweden
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, however, improved in thyroid cancer patients through psychological support ( 26 ). Generally, sickness absence resulting from mental symptoms is often long-lasting ( 27 ) and return to work is a complex process where self-efficacy, a positive attitude, and
Haiyang Zhang
Haiyang Zhang
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Shuo Wu
Shuo Wu
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Shuyu Hu
Shuyu Hu
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Xianqun Fan
Xianqun Fan
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Xuefei Song
Xuefei Song
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Tienan Feng
Tienan Feng
Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Huifang Zhou
Huifang Zhou
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Introduction Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves’ ophthalmopathy, is the most common autoimmune orbital disease characterized by clinical presentations such as eyelid retraction, exophthalmos, periorbital edema, diplopia, and eye
Thea Riis
Thea Riis
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Steen Joop Bonnema
Steen Joop Bonnema
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Thomas Heiberg Brix
Thomas Heiberg Brix
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Lars Folkestad
Lars Folkestad
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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, identifying and reducing modifiable risk factors for cancer, such as smoking, obesity, or alcohol intake, is of great importance. Whether thyroid dysfunction is a modifiable risk factor is currently debated. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated an
Caiyan Mo
Caiyan Mo
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Han Chen
Han Chen
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Qi Zhang
Qi Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ying Guo
Ying Guo
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Liyong Zhong
Liyong Zhong
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Introduction Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. The annual incidence is 20–50 cases per 100,000 people, with a peak incidence between the ages of 30 and 50. The
Hippolyte Dupuis
Hippolyte Dupuis
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
University of Lille, Lille, France
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University of Lille, Lille, France
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Emilie Merlen
Emilie Merlen
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
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Arnaud Jannin
Arnaud Jannin
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
University of Lille, Lille, France
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University of Lille, Lille, France
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Philippe Jamme
Philippe Jamme
University of Lille, Lille, France
Department of Dermatology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
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Department of Dermatology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
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Alexandre Fagart
Alexandre Fagart
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Valenciennes Hospital Center, Valenciennes, France
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Marie-Christine Vantyghem
Marie-Christine Vantyghem
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
University of Lille, Lille, France
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University of Lille, Lille, France
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Miriam Ladsous
Miriam Ladsous
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
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Established facts Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can induce endocrine side effects, the most common of which is thyroid dysfunction. The main pathological mechanism of ICI-induced thyroid dysfunction is destructive thyroiditis
