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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
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-CoV-2 infection and Covid-19 disease have been associated with several thyroid disorders, ranging from subacute thyroiditis to thyroid autoimmune diseases ( 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ). Furthermore, critically ill patients show alterations in thyroid
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Department of Ophthalmology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Government Hospitals, Bahrain
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Department of Ophthalmology, Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center, Cebu City, Philippines
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Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Introduction Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as thyroid-associated orbitopathy or Graves’ ophthalmopathy, is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. It can also occur in euthyroid patients, known as euthyroid
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Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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), they are more frequent in patients with autoimmune diseases, in particular with autoimmune thyroid disease ( 18 , 19 ). However, this frequency may be underestimated because THAb are not routinely evaluated and they are often transient in serum. Beyond
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) Thyroid carcinomas (6) Benign thyroid diseases: Graves’ disease, subacute thyroiditis (2) Neg >2000 PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma; MNG, multinodular goiter. Immunoassays of Tg and TgAb Immunoassays for Tg and TgAb were