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Laura Croce Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia (PV), Italy
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia (PV), Italy

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Fausta Beneventi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia (PV), Italy

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Federica Ripepi Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia (PV), Italy

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Irene De Maggio Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia (PV), Italy

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Alberto Malovini Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Laboratory of Informatics and Systems Engineering for Clinical Research, Pavia (PV), Italy

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Camilla Bellingeri Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia (PV), Italy

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Francesca Coperchini Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia (PV), Italy

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Marsida Teliti Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia (PV), Italy
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia (PV), Italy

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Mario Rotondi Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia (PV), Italy
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia (PV), Italy

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Arsenio Spinillo Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia (PV), Italy

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Flavia Magri Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia (PV), Italy
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia (PV), Italy

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non-thyroidal autoimmune disease and/or positive ANA/ENA, yes vs no), active smoking (yes vs no), familiar history of thyroid diseases (yes vs no), age (years) and number of previous pregnancies (N) as covariates. A regression model including five

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Stine Linding Andersen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Niels Henrik Bruun Unit of Clinical Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Peter Astrup Christensen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Simon Lykkeboe Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Aase Handberg Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Annebirthe Bo Hansen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Maja Hjelm Lundgaard Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Louise Knøsgaard Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Nanna Maria Uldall Torp Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Allan Carlé Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Jesper Karmisholt Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Inge Bülow Pedersen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Peter Vestergaard Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stig Andersen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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-Ab and Tg-Ab. A subgroup of 3125 women (22.3%) was excluded from the reference cohort because they had thyroid or other autoimmune diseases, used thyroid interfering medication, had abnormal TSH values in early pregnancy, and/or had values of TPO-Ab and

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Zohar Steinberg Ben-Zeev Pediatric Department A, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

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Marina Peniakov Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

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Clari Felszer Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

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Scott A Weiner Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

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Avishay Lahad Pediatric Department A, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

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Shlomo Almashanu The National Newborn Screening Program, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel

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Yardena Tenenbaum Rakover Consulting Medicine in Pediatric Endocrinology, Clalit Health Services, Afula, Israel
The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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/or thyroglobulin (Tg)) were positive, non-autoimmune hypothyroidism when thyroid antibodies were negative, CH, hypothyroidism post-surgery or post-radioactive iodine therapy, goiter, Graves’ disease, multinodular goiter and SCH. SCH was defined when TSH was above 2

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Lise Husted Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark

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Sidsel Rødgaard-Hansen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark

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Maja Hjelm Lundgaard Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Nanna Maria Uldall Torp Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stine Linding Andersen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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intervals for CysC and creatinine within the cohort and evaluated the association between levels of CysC, creatinine, and maternal hypothyroidism, while considering measurement of thyroid autoantibodies as marker of autoimmune thyroid disease

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Louise Knøsgaard Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stig Andersen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Annebirthe Bo Hansen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Peter Vestergaard Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stine Linding Andersen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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(defined as the 2.5th–97.5th percentiles) established within the NDRPC ( 6 ). As recommended ( 3 ), the reference ranges were established among TPO- and Tg-Ab negative women with no known thyroid or other autoimmune disease. Stratification by week of

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Jan Jiskra 3rd Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic

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Jiří Horáček 4th Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic

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Sylvie Špitálníková Department of Nuclear Medicine, District Hospital, Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic

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Jan Paleček 3rd Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic

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Zdeňka Límanová 3rd Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic

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Jan Krátký 3rd Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic

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Drahomíra Springer Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic

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Kristýna Žabková 3rd Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic

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Hana Vítková 3rd Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic

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, history of pregnancy loss, preterm delivery, or infertility, multiple prior pregnancies, family history of autoimmune thyroid disease or thyroid dysfunction, morbid obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m 2 ), use of amiodarone or lithium, or recent administration of

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Chae Won Chung Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea

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Kyungsik Kim Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Sue K Park Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Dal Lae Ju Department of Food Service and Nutrition Care, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea

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Young Joo Park Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

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Choong Ho Shin Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Jong Kwan Jun Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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June-Key Chung Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Yoon Ju Song Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea

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Young Ah Lee Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Gi Jeong Cheon Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Sun Wook Cho Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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according to selenium status Since lower plasma selenium levels were noted in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD, 23 , 24 ), we evaluated thyroid autoantibody and thyroid parenchymal echogenicity. First, a total of 19 (5.2%) participants

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Georgiana Sitoris Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Flora Veltri Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Pierre Kleynen Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Malika Ichiche Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Serge Rozenberg Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Kris G Poppe Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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shows thyroid function and autoimmune parameters in all women and according to the foetal gender. Table 2 Thyroid function and autoimmune parameters in all women and according to the foetal gender. Gestational age and thyroid function

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Emna Jelloul Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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Georgiana Sitoris Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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Flora Veltri Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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Pierre Kleynen Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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Serge Rozenberg Departement of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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Kris G Poppe Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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heterogeneity remains present due to differences in the methodology and/or the cause of sTSH/SH (Graves’ disease (GD) versus gestational hyperthyroidism (GTT)) and because thyroid medication usage was not always clearly mentioned as an exclusion criterion ( 5

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Georgiana Sitoris Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Flora Veltri Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Malika Ichiche Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Pierre Kleynen Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Jean-Philippe Praet Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Serge Rozenberg Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Kris G Poppe Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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inflammatory factors in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease . Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 2019 33 e22929. ( https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.22929 ) 28 Kent NL Young SL Akison LK Cuffe JSM . Is the link between elevated TSH and

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